Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2007도4171

Violation of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법위반)근로기준법위반

Decided2007. 08. 23. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (employer's non-payment found to involve criminal intent; worker's position upheld)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case involved an employer who refused to pay severance pay (퇴직금) upon an employee's retirement, claiming it had already been included in the employee's monthly wages. The Supreme Court ruled that such an agreement is invalid, and the employer must pay severance pay separately. The lower court's finding that the employer lacked criminal intent was reversed and remanded for further proceedings.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAn employer refused to pay separate severance pay upon an employee's retirement, claiming it had already been included in the monthly salary.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that such an agreement is invalid, meaning the employer must pay severance pay separately, and that refusing to do so demonstrates the employer's intent to violate the law.
  • LessonSeverance pay must be paid separately from monthly wages at the time of retirement; an agreement claiming it was already included in salary does not exempt the employer from this legal obligation.
Issues
  • Whether an agreement to include severance pay within monthly wages is legally valid
  • Whether the employer's refusal to pay severance pay based on such an agreement constitutes criminal intent (고의) under the Labor Standards Act
Key reasoning

An agreement to include severance pay within monthly wages amounts to a prior waiver of the employee's right to claim severance pay (퇴직금청구권), which violates mandatory statutory provisions (강행법규) and is therefore void. Since such an agreement has no legal effect, an employer cannot rely on it as a valid excuse for refusing to pay severance pay. The Court held that relying on an invalid agreement does not constitute a 'justifiable reason' for non-payment, and therefore the employer's refusal to pay demonstrates criminal intent (고의) under the Labor Standards Act. Consequently, the lower court erred in finding no intent on the employer's part.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where there are grounds for dispute as to the existence and scope of the obligation to pay wages, it must be deemed that the employer had a justifiable reason for not paying the wages, and thus it is difficult to find that the employer had the criminal intent required for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법).

[2] The right to claim retirement allowance arises only upon retirement, which is the termination of the employment relationship as its requirement; as long as the employment contract continues, there is no room for the obligation to pay retirement allowance to arise. Therefore, even if a certain amount of money is paid under the name of retirement allowance included in the monthly salary or daily wage paid each month or each day, such payment has no effect as payment of retirement allowance as provided for in Article 34 of the Labor Standards Act. Moreover, an agreement to include retirement allowance in the monthly salary or daily wage in this manner constitutes a prior waiver of the right to claim retirement allowance that arises upon final retirement, and is null and void as it violates Article 34 of the Labor Standards Act, which is a mandatory provision.

[3] Where an employer refuses to pay retirement allowance to a retired employee by relying on an agreement providing that “retirement allowance is included in and paid together with the monthly salary or daily wage,” which has no effect under private law, this cannot be regarded as a case where there are grounds for dispute as to the existence of the obligation to pay retirement allowance, and thus cannot be regarded as a case where the employer had a justifiable reason for not paying the retirement allowance. It cannot be said that such an employer lacked the criminal intent required for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act.

Full text (English, AI translation) 8,254 chars

[Defendant] Defendant
[Appellant] Prosecutor
[Lower Court Decision] Jeonju District Court Decision 2006No916, decided May 3, 2007

[Order]

The judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Panel Division of the Jeonju District Court.

[Reasoning]

1. Summary of the Facts Charged
The summary of the facts charged in this case is as follows: "The Defendant, as the representative of Hospital (name omitted) located in Jeonju-si, was an employer who operated a healthcare business employing 106 regular employees at all times. The Defendant failed to pay, within 14 days from the date of retirement on which the obligation to pay arose, the retirement allowance of KRW 14,011,910 owed to Nonindicted Person, who had worked as the head of the Department of Family Medicine at the said workplace from March 4, 2002 and retired on October 1, 2005, without any agreement between the parties to extend the payment deadline."

2. Judgment of the Court Below
The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence it adopted, found the following facts: that Hospital (name omitted), the workplace operated by the Defendant, operated an annual salary system under which, in accordance with the customary practice of small and medium-sized hospitals, the retirement allowance for department heads was included in the monthly salary; and that the Defendant did not pay retirement allowance to Nonindicted Person, who had worked as the head of the Department of Family Medicine at the said hospital and then retired, on the ground of the said annual salary system. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the Defendant appeared to have believed that the retirement allowance had already been interim-settled and included in the salary paid to Nonindicted Person during his employment at the hospital, and that this constituted a case where there existed reasonable grounds to dispute the existence of the obligation to pay retirement allowance. The court below therefore concluded that it was difficult to find that the Defendant recognized and accepted that he had an obligation to additionally pay retirement allowance for the period of employment to Nonindicted Person, who had retired from the said workplace, and that he failed to perform such obligation. On this basis, the court below determined that it was difficult to find that the Defendant had the requisite criminal intent for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and that there was no other evidence to prove such intent. Accordingly, the court below reversed the judgment of the first instance court, which had found the Defendant guilty of the facts charged, and rendered a judgment of acquittal in favor of the Defendant.

3. Judgment of this Court
However, the above judgment of the court below is difficult to accept for the following reasons.

A. First, as set forth by the court below, where there exist reasonable grounds to dispute the existence and scope of the obligation to pay wages, it should be found that there was a justifiable reason for the employer's failure to pay wages, and thus it is difficult to find that the employer had the requisite criminal intent for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2004Do6969, decided December 24, 2004; Supreme Court Decision 2005Do1089, decided June 9, 2005).

However, the right to claim retirement allowance arises only upon the requirement of termination of the employment relationship through retirement; as long as the employment contract continues, there is no room for the obligation to pay retirement allowance to arise. Therefore, even if a certain amount of money is paid under the name of "retirement allowance" as included in the monthly salary or daily wage, such payment has no effect as payment of retirement allowance under Article 34 of the Labor Standards Act. Moreover, an agreement to include retirement allowance in the monthly salary or daily wage in this manner constitutes a prior waiver of the right to claim retirement allowance that arises upon final retirement, and is therefore null and void as being in violation of Article 34 of the Labor Standards Act, which is a mandatory provision (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2002Do2211, decided July 12, 2002; Supreme Court Decision 2000Da27671, decided July 26, 2002).

Accordingly, where an employer refuses to pay retirement allowance to a retired employee by invoking an agreement to the effect that "retirement allowance is included in the monthly salary or daily wage," which has no effect under private law, this cannot be regarded as a case where there exist reasonable grounds to dispute the existence of the obligation to pay retirement allowance such that there was a justifiable reason for the employer's failure to pay retirement allowance, and it cannot be said that such an employer lacked the requisite criminal intent for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act.

B. Upon examination of the record, the following facts may be ascertained: no employment contract was prepared between the Defendant and Nonindicted Person at the time Nonindicted Person joined the said hospital; Nonindicted Person never requested the Defendant, whether in the form of an annual salary system or by any other method, to receive an advance interim settlement of retirement allowance; and although the Defendant submitted to the investigative agency written consents obtained from five other doctors of the same rank as Nonindicted Person who were still employed at the said hospital, to the effect that "they were fully aware that retirement allowance was included in and paid as part of the annual salary, and that there was an agreement to that effect with the Defendant," these written consents were prepared after Nonindicted Person had already retired. In light of the foregoing, it cannot be said that, at the time Nonindicted Person joined the hospital, an agreement on the annual salary system providing that retirement allowance would be included in and paid as part of the monthly salary was included as part of the terms of the employment contract concluded between the Defendant and Nonindicted Person. Furthermore, even if such an agreement had been concluded, in light of the legal principles set forth above, the payment of monthly salary pursuant to such an agreement cannot be deemed to have effect as payment of retirement allowance, and moreover, such an agreement itself constitutes a prior waiver of the right to claim retirement allowance and is therefore invalid as being in violation of a mandatory provision. Accordingly, the Defendant, as the employer, cannot be said to have fallen under "a case where there exist reasonable grounds to dispute the existence of the obligation to pay retirement allowance such that there was a justifiable reason for the employer's failure to pay retirement allowance" by refusing Nonindicted Person's demand for payment of retirement allowance on the ground that the hospital customarily operated an annual salary system.

C. Nevertheless, the court below determined, for the reasons stated in its judgment, that the Defendant's criminal intent regarding the non-payment of retirement allowance could not be recognized. Such determination by the court below contains an error of law based on a misunderstanding of the legal principles regarding the criminal intent required for the offense of violating the duty to pay wages, etc. within the prescribed period under Articles 112 and 36 of the Labor Standards Act, and it is evident that such error affected the judgment.

4. Conclusion
Therefore, the judgment of the court below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination, and it is so decided by the unanimous opinion of the Justices involved as set forth in the Order.

Justice Kim Ji-hyung (Presiding Justice), Ko Hyun-chul (Justice in charge), Yang Sung-tae, Jeon Su-an

【판결요지】

[1] 임금지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는 경우에는 사용자가 임금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 할 것이어서 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄에 관한 고의가 있었다고 보기 어렵다.

[2] 퇴직금지급청구권은 퇴직이라는 근로관계의 종료를 요건으로 하여 비로소 발생하는 것으로 근로계약이 존속하는 한 퇴직금지급의무는 발생할 여지가 없으므로 매월 지급받은 월급이나 매일 지급받는 일당 속에 퇴직금이란 명목으로 일정한 금원을 지급하였다고 하여도 그것은 근로기준법 제34조에서 정하는 퇴직금의 지급으로서의 효력은 없을 뿐만 아니라, 그와 같이 매월의 월급이나 매일의 일당 속에 퇴직금을 포함시켜 지급받기로 하는 약정은 최종 퇴직시 발생하는 퇴직금청구권을 사전에 포기하는 것으로서 강행법규인 근로기준법 제34조에 위반되어 무효이다.

[3] 사용자가 사법상의 효력이 없는 ‘매월의 월급이나 매일의 일당 속에 퇴직금을 포함시켜 지급한다’는 내용의 약정을 내세워 퇴직한 근로자에 대한 퇴직금의 지급을 거절하는 경우, 이를 퇴직금지급의무의 존부에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있어 사용자가 퇴직금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있는 경우라고 볼 수 없고, 이러한 사용자에게 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄에 관한 고의가 없다고 할 수는 없다.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제36조(현행 제36조 참조), 제112조(현행 제109조 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제34조(현행 제34조 참조)

[3] 구 근로기준법(2007. 4. 11. 법률 제8372호로 전문 개정되기 전의 것) 제36조(현행 제36조 참조), 제112조(현행 제109조 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1998. 6. 26. 선고 98도1260 판결(공1998하, 2048), 대법원 2001. 2. 23. 선고 2001도204 판결(공2001상, 822), 대법원 2002. 12. 26. 선고 2002도3549 판결, 대법원 2003. 5. 30. 선고 2002도7136 판결, 대법원 2004. 12. 24. 선고 2004도6969 판결, 대법원 2005. 6. 9. 선고 2005도1089 판결(공2005하, 1193), 대법원 2006. 2. 9. 선고 2005도9230 판결(공2006상, 458) / [2] 대법원 1998. 3. 24. 선고 96다24699 판결(공1998상, 1131), 대법원 2002. 7. 12. 선고 2002도2211 판결(공2002하, 2008), 대법원 2002. 7. 26. 선고 2000다27671 판결(공2002하, 2031), 대법원 2006. 1. 12. 선고 2005도6438 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,865자 · 펼쳐 보기

【피 고 인】 피고인

【상 고 인】 검사

【원심판결】 전주지법 2007. 5. 3. 선고 2006노916 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 전주지방법원 본원 합의부에 환송한다.

【이 유】1. 공소사실의 요지

이 사건 공소사실의 요지는, ‘피고인은 전주시 소재(이름 생략)병원의 대표로서 상시근로자 106명을 사용하여 보건의료업을 경영하여 온 사용자인바, 위 사업장에서 2002. 3. 4.부터 가정의학과장으로 근무하다가 2005. 10. 1. 퇴직한 공소외인의 퇴직금 14,011,910원을 지급기일 연장에 관한 당사자간 합의 없이 그 지급사유 발생일인 퇴직일로부터 14일 이내에 지급하지 아니하였다’라는 것이다.

2. 원심의 판단

원심은, 그 채택 증거들을 종합하여, 피고인이 운영한 이 사건 사업장인 (이름 생략)병원은 중소병원의 관행상 진료과장의 경우 퇴직금을 매월 월급에 포함하여 지급하는 연봉제를 운영한 사실, 피고인은 위 병원의 가정의학과장으로 근무하다가 퇴직한 공소외인에 대하여 위와 같은 연봉제를 이유로 퇴직금을 지급하지 않은 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 이러한 인정 사실에 의하면 피고인은 공소외인이 위 병원에 재직하는 동안 공소외인에게 지급한 급여 속에 퇴직금이 중간정산되어 포함되어 있는 것으로 믿었다고 보이고, 이는 퇴직금 지급의무의 존부에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는 경우에 해당하므로, 피고인이 위 사업장에서 퇴직한 공소외인에게 재직기간 동안의 퇴직금을 추가로 지급하여야 할 의무가 있고 그 지급의무를 불이행한다는 것을 인식·인용하였다고 하기 어렵다는 이유로, 피고인에게 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄에 관한 고의가 있었다고 인정하기 어렵고, 달리 이를 인정할 증거가 없다고 판단하여, 공소사실을 유죄로 인정한 제1심판결을 파기하고 피고인에 대하여 무죄를 선고하였다.

3. 이 법원의 판단

그러나 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 다음과 같은 이유로 수긍하기 어렵다.

가. 우선, 임금 지급의무의 존부 및 범위에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있는 경우에는 사용자가 임금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있다고 보아야 할 것이어서 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄에 관한 고의가 있었다고 보기 어렵다(대법원 2004. 12. 24. 선고 2004도6969 판결, 2005. 6. 9. 선고 2005도1089 판결 등 참조)는 것은 원심이 설시한 바와 같다.

그런데 퇴직금지급청구권은 퇴직이라는 근로관계의 종료를 요건으로 하여 비로소 발생하는 것으로 근로계약이 존속하는 한 퇴직금지급의무는 발생할 여지가 없으므로 매월 지급받은 월급이나 매일 지급받는 일당 속에 퇴직금이란 명목으로 일정한 금원을 지급하였다고 하여도 그것은 근로기준법 제34조에서 정하는 퇴직금의 지급으로서의 효력은 없을 뿐만 아니라, 그와 같이 매월의 월급이나 매일의 일당 속에 퇴직금을 포함시켜 지급받기로 하는 약정은 최종 퇴직시 발생하는 퇴직금청구권을 사전에 포기하는 것으로서 강행법규인 근로기준법 제34조에 위반되어 무효이다(대법원 2002. 7. 12. 선고 2002도2211 판결, 2002. 7. 26. 선고 2000다27671 판결 등 참조).

따라서 사용자가 사법상의 효력이 없는 ‘매월의 월급이나 매일의 일당 속에 퇴직금을 포함시켜 지급한다’는 내용의 약정을 내세워 퇴직한 근로자에 대한 퇴직금의 지급을 거절하는 경우, 이를 퇴직금지급의무의 존부에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있어 사용자가 퇴직금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있는 경우라고 볼 수 없고, 이러한 사용자에게 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄에 관한 고의가 없다고 할 수는 없는 것이다.

나. 기록에 의하여 살펴보면, 공소외인이 위 병원에 입사할 당시 피고인과 공소외인 사이에 근로계약서가 작성된 바 없고, 공소외인이 피고인에게 연봉제의 형태나 다른 방법으로도 퇴직금을 미리 중간정산받겠다는 요청을 한 바 없는 점, 피고인이 위 병원에 재직 중인 공소외인과 같은 직급의 다른 의사 5명으로부터 ‘연봉 안에 퇴직금이 포함되어 지급된다는 점을 충분히 인식하고 있고 그에 관하여 피고인과 합의가 있었다’는 취지의 동의확인서를 작성받아 수사기관에 제출한 바 있으나 이는 공소외인이 퇴직한 이후에 작성된 것인 점 등을 알 수 있는바, 그렇다면 공소외인의 입사 당시 피고인과 공소외인 사이에 매월의 월급 속에 퇴직금을 포함시켜 지급받기로 한다는 내용의 연봉제에 관한 약정이 근로계약의 내용으로 포함되어 체결되었다고 할 수 없고, 가사 그러한 취지의 약정이 체결되었다 하더라도 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 보면 그러한 약정에 따른 월급의 지급은 퇴직금의 지급으로서의 효력이 있다고 할 수도 없을 뿐만 아니라, 그러한 약정 자체가 퇴직금청구권의 사전 포기에 해당하여 강행법규위반으로 그 효력이 인정될 수 없는 것이므로, 사용자인 피고인이 위 병원에서 관행상 연봉제를 운영하고 있다는 이유를 내세워 공소외인의 퇴직금지급요구를 거절한 것을 ‘퇴직금 지급의무의 존부에 관하여 다툴 만한 근거가 있어 사용자가 퇴직금을 지급하지 아니한 데에 상당한 이유가 있는 경우’에 해당한다고 할 수 없다.

다. 그럼에도 원심은 그 판시와 같은 이유로 피고인에게 퇴직금미지급에 관한 고의가 인정되지 않는다고 판단하고 말았으니, 이러한 원심의 판단에는 근로기준법 제112조, 제36조 소정의 임금 등의 기일 내 지급의무 위반죄의 고의에 관한 법리를 오해한 위법이 있고, 이러한 위법이 판결에 영향을 미쳤음은 분명하다.

4. 결 론

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 다시 심리·판단하게 하기 위하여 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김지형(재판장) 고현철(주심) 양승태 전수안

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
2006도3898 · 대법원 2006-09-22
Violation of the Labor Standards Act
#2
2007도97 · 대법원 2007-03-29
Violation of the Labor Standards Act
#3
2009도8248 · 대법원 2011-10-13
Violation of the Labor Standards Act (recognized charge: Vio
#4
2007도1186 · 대법원 2007-04-12
Violation of the Labor Standards Act
#5
2010고정334 · 대구지방법원 서부지원 2010-12-15
Violation of the Labor Standards Act

Cases citing this decision

2010도14693 · 대법원 2011-10-27
근로기준법위반(인정된죄명:근로자퇴직급여보장법위반)
2009도8248 · 대법원 2011-10-13
Violation of the Labor Standards Act (recognized charge: Vio
2007다90760 · 대법원 2010-05-20
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
2008나21324 · 수원지법 2009-04-22
Retirement Pay

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)