Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 97다25095

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Dispute퇴직금

Decided1998. 03. 13. Court대법원Case reversed and remanded (파기환송) for further proceedings; the lower court's ruling was overturned for failing to properly consider payment practices and amendment history.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Korea National Housing Corporation (대한주택공사) unilaterally amended its severance pay (퇴직금) regulations in a way that disadvantaged employees, without obtaining their consent. The central issue was whether, under the pre-amendment regulations, the family allowance should be included in the 'average wage (평균임금)' used to calculate severance pay. The Supreme Court (대법원) held that interpreting a workplace's severance pay regulations requires comprehensive consideration of actual payment practices and the background of the amendment, and it reversed and remanded the lower court's decision for further review.

Key takeaways
  • CaseKorea National Housing Corporation amended its severance pay regulations unfavorably without employee consent, leading to a dispute over whether the family allowance should be included in the average wage used to calculate severance pay.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that interpreting the average wage under severance pay regulations requires comprehensive consideration of the employer's actual payment practices and the background of the regulatory amendment.
  • LessonWhen interpreting severance pay regulations, one should not rely solely on the literal text of the provision, but must also examine actual payment practices and the history behind any changes to the regulation.
Issues
  • Whether the 'average wage' referenced in a company's internal severance pay regulations is identical in meaning to the 'average wage' defined under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법)
  • Whether the family allowance should be included in the 'average wage' calculation under the pre-amendment severance pay regulations
Key reasoning

The Supreme Court explained that the term 'average wage' in a company's internal severance pay regulations must be interpreted objectively based on the text of the regulation, but this interpretation should also take into account the employer's actual payment practices and the history and content of any amendments. In this case, allowances of a purely cost-reimbursement nature, such as the daily/night duty allowance (일숙직수당), were included in the calculation, while the established practice was to exclude the family allowance from severance pay calculations. Based on these factors, the Court concluded that the 'average wage' defined in the pre-amendment severance pay regulation was a distinct concept from the 'average wage' defined under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and therefore the family allowance should not automatically be included simply because the statutory definition might suggest otherwise.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Whether the "average wage" as defined in a workplace's retirement benefit regulations and remuneration regulations, etc. constitutes the average wage under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), or whether family allowances are included in the "monthly various allowances" as a component of average wage, is to be determined by objective interpretation of the said regulations; however, in making such interpretation, the actual payment practice of the workplace concerned based on the said regulations, the process and content of the amendment of the said regulations, and other various circumstances must be comprehensively examined to ascertain their meaning.

[2] In a case where the Korea National Housing Corporation (대한주택공사) amended its retirement benefit regulations, remuneration regulations, and other retirement pay regulations disadvantageously to employees without the consent of the collective body of employees, and, in calculating retirement pay under the pre-amendment retirement pay regulations, an issue arose as to whether the family allowance, which was newly established and paid around the time of the amendment of the said retirement pay regulations, is included in the average wage under the pre-amendment retirement pay regulations, the court held that, in light of various circumstances such as the content of the pre- and post-amendment retirement pay regulations of the Korea National Housing Corporation, the process of the amendment, and the payment practice of the allowance, the average wage under the pre-amendment retirement pay regulations differs from the average wage under the Labor Standards Act, and that, in applying the pre-amendment retirement pay regulations, it is reasonable to interpret that the family allowance is not included in the average wage forming the basis for calculating retirement pay.

Full text (English, AI translation) 10,550 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 6 others (Attorney Woo Jeong-gwon for the Plaintiffs)
[Defendant, Appellant] Korea National Housing Corporation (Attorney Kim Su-ryong for the Defendant)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 96Na46783 rendered on May 15, 1997

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The Defendant's attorney's grounds of appeal are examined.

According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, based on the evidence it adduced, found the following facts: the Plaintiffs joined the Defendant Corporation around 1970 to 1977 as indicated in the attached list and retired due to age limit in 1993; with respect to the payment of retirement allowances to its employees and officers, the Defendant Corporation's Rules of Employment (취업규칙), enacted and enforced since August 30, 1967, provided in Article 58 that "retirement allowances shall be paid to retiring employees in accordance with the Retirement Benefit Regulations (퇴직급여규정)"; the separate Retirement Benefit Regulations enacted pursuant to that delegation provided in Article 4 that the amount of retirement benefit shall be calculated by multiplying the monthly salary (월봉) at the time of retirement by a payment rate that increases progressively according to years of service; and Article 3 defined "monthly salary" as meaning the average wage (평균임금) at the time of retirement. It was also found that Article 15 of the Remuneration Regulations (보수규정) then applicable provided that the average wage forming the basis for calculating retirement allowances shall be one-third of the sum of the basic salary, monthly allowances, and monthly leave allowance paid during the last three months prior to the date of retirement, plus an amount equivalent to 3/12 of the annual leave allowance paid in the previous year and an amount equivalent to 3/12 of the bonus allowance paid during the one year prior to retirement; and Article 13 provided for eleven types of allowances, namely: ① technical allowance, ② overtime allowance, ③ construction allowance, ④ holiday work allowance, ⑤ night work allowance, ⑥ monthly/annual leave allowance, ⑦ bonus allowance, ⑧ cashier's allowance, ⑨ hazard allowance, ⑩ remote area allowance, and ⑪ daily/night duty allowance. However, around the end of 1980, having received instructions from the Government to lower the level of retirement allowance payments, the Defendant Corporation amended the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations by lowering the payment rate and also limiting the concept of "monthly salary" to one-third of the sum of the basic salary and the commonly paid monthly allowances (construction allowance, overtime allowance, holiday work allowance, monthly leave allowance) paid during the last three months prior to the day immediately preceding retirement, plus an amount equivalent to 3/12 of the annual leave allowance and bonus allowance paid during the one year immediately preceding retirement; this amendment took effect on January 1, 1981, and around that time, a family allowance was newly established under Article 13 of the Remuneration Regulations and has been paid since then. Having found these facts, the court below premised that since the above amendment of the Defendant Corporation's retirement allowance regulations was disadvantageous to the employees and was made without obtaining the consent of the group of employees, the pre-amendment retirement allowance regulations should apply to the Plaintiffs. The court below then rejected the Defendant's argument that the average wage prescribed in the pre-amendment retirement allowance regulations does not mean the average wage under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and that therefore the family allowance should be excluded from the average wage forming the basis for calculating the Plaintiffs' retirement allowances. In rejecting this argument, the court below reasoned that, absent special circumstances, the term "average wage" as used in the Remuneration Regulations and the Retirement Benefit Regulations, both enacted based on the same Rules of Employment at the same workplace, should be interpreted identically; that, as noted above, the amended Retirement Benefit Regulations themselves enumerate the allowances included in the monthly salary, so that in calculating retirement allowances under those regulations, the allowances constituting the average wage may be interpreted as being limited to those enumerated therein; however, the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations, as noted above, merely provided that the monthly salary forming the basis for calculating the retirement benefit amount means the average wage at the time of retirement, without enumerating in a limiting manner the various allowances constituting the concept of monthly salary, and instead specified the average wage and the monthly allowances constituting part of the average wage in the separate Remuneration Regulations, which monthly allowances could later be changed by deletion or addition through amendment of the Remuneration Regulations; and since the Plaintiffs received the family allowance at the time of retirement due to its addition through the amendment of the Remuneration Regulations, and since the family allowance was uniformly and regularly paid every month to Defendant Corporation employees meeting certain requirements, it should be included in the monthly salary (average wage).

Whether the "average wage" prescribed in the Defendant Corporation's pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations and Remuneration Regulations, etc. is the average wage under the Labor Standards Act, and whether the family allowance is included in the "monthly allowances" constituting part of the average wage, are matters to be determined through objective interpretation of the above regulations; however, in making such interpretation, the meaning should be discerned by comprehensively examining various circumstances, including the Defendant Corporation's payment practice based on the above regulations and the background and content of the amendment of the above regulations.

However, among the allowances enumerated in Article 13 of the pre-amendment Remuneration Regulations, ⑪ the daily/night duty allowance is in the nature of reimbursement for actual expenses such as meal costs incurred on the day of daily/night duty, and is difficult to regard as consideration for labor (see Supreme Court Decision 90Daka10312 rendered on November 27, 1990); therefore, the average wage under Article 15 of the pre-amendment Remuneration Regulations, which includes even such an allowance, and the average wage under Article 3 of the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations, which is interpreted to have the same meaning, cannot be regarded as the average wage under the Labor Standards Act.

Moreover, the amended Retirement Benefit Regulations limit the portion corresponding to "monthly allowances" among the pre-amendment average wage to "commonly paid monthly allowances (construction allowance, overtime allowance, holiday work allowance, monthly leave allowance)," and according to the record, although the family allowance has been included as one of the allowances under the Remuneration Regulations currently in force since around the time the Retirement Benefit Regulations were amended on January 1, 1981, it can be recognized that the Defendant Corporation has never, from before the amendment of the Retirement Benefit Regulations until now, included the family allowance in the average wage (monthly salary) forming the basis for calculating retirement allowances; and it can also be recognized that even calculating the retirement allowance based on the average wage excluding the family allowance from the Plaintiffs' remuneration amount and applying the progressive payment rate under the pre-amendment retirement benefit standard, the resulting amount is greater than the retirement allowance calculated by including the family allowance in the average wage and applying the standard under Article 28(1) of the former Labor Standards Act (before its amendment by Act No. 5245 of December 31, 1996). Considering the above points comprehensively, the "monthly allowances" constituting part of the average wage under Article 15 of the pre-amendment Remuneration Regulations should be interpreted as referring only to the allowances prescribed at that time in Article 13 of the same Remuneration Regulations, and accordingly, it is reasonable to view that the family allowance is excluded from the average wage (monthly salary) forming the basis for calculating the Plaintiffs' retirement allowances.

This Court has already ruled to this effect in Supreme Court Decision 96Da23863 rendered on October 25, 1996. Meanwhile, this Court's en banc Decision 93Da26168 rendered on July 11, 1995 appears to have ruled to a seemingly contrary effect; however, this is attributable to the fact that in the case of 93Da26168, the Defendant had, up to the court below, only argued that the plaintiff's retirement allowance should be calculated according to the post-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations, and only newly raised, for the first time at the appellate stage, the argument that the average wage under the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations differs from that under the Labor Standards Act, such that the Defendant's said argument was not accepted as a legitimate ground of appeal. Therefore, in the present case, where the argument that the average wage under the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations differs from that under the Labor Standards Act has been raised from the court below onward, a different conclusion is inevitable.

Nevertheless, the judgment below, for the reasons stated therein alone, determined that the family allowance is included in the average wage (monthly salary) under the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations, and in doing so, erred by misunderstanding the legal principles concerning the average wage (monthly salary) under the pre-amendment Retirement Benefit Regulations, which error affected the outcome of the judgment. The argument pointing out this error is therefore well-founded.

Accordingly, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below, with the unanimous agreement of the Justices participating, as set forth in the Order.

Justice Song Jin-hoon (Presiding Justice), Cheon Gyeong-song, Ji Chang-gwon (Justice in Charge), Shin Seong-taek

【판결요지】

[1] 어느 사업장의 퇴직급여규정과 보수규정 등에서 정하고 있는 '평균임금'이 근로기준법상의 평균임금인지의 여부나 평균임금의 한 내용으로서의 '월 제 수당'에 가족수당이 포함되는지의 여부는 위 규정들의 객관적 해석에 의하여 가려질 것이나, 그 해석에 있어서는 위 규정들에 근거한 당해 사업장의 지급관행 및 위 규정들의 개정 경위와 그 내용 등 여러 사정을 종합적으로 살펴 그 뜻을 헤아려 보아야 한다.

[2] 대한주택공사가 근로자 집단의 동의 없이 퇴직급여규정 및 보수규정 등 퇴직금 규정을 근로자에게 불리하게 개정한 관계로 개정 전 퇴직금 규정에 따른 퇴직금을 산정함에 있어 위 퇴직금 규정 개정 무렵부터 신설되어 지급되어 온 가족수당이 개정 전 퇴직금 규정상의 평균임금에 포함되는지 여부가 문제된 사안에서, 대한주택공사의 개정 전후의 퇴직금 규정의 내용, 개정 경위, 수당의 지급 관행 등 여러 사정에 비추어 개정 전 퇴직금 규정상의 평균임금은 근로기준법상의 평균임금과는 다르며, 개정 전 퇴직금 규정을 적용함에 있어서 가족수당은 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 포함되지 않는 것으로 해석함이 상당하다고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제19조, 제28조 제1항(현행 제34조 제1항 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(1997. 3. 13. 법률 제5309호로 제정되기 전의 것) 제19조, 제28조 제1항(현행 제34조 제1항 참조)

【참조판례】

[2] 대법원 1990. 11. 27. 선고 90다카10312 판결(공1991, 205), 대법원 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 판결(공1995하, 2577), 대법원 1996. 10. 25. 선고 96다23863 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,722자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 1 외 6인 (원고들 소송대리인 변호사 우정권)

【피고, 상고인】 대한주택공사 (소송대리인 변호사 김수룡)

【원심판결】 서울고법 1997. 5. 15. 선고 96나46783 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고 이 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 피고 소송대리인의 상고이유를 본다.

원심판결 이유에 의하면, 원심은 그 내세운 증거들에 의하여, 원고들은 피고 공사에 판시 목록과 같이 1970년 내지 1977년경에 입사하여 1993년에 정년퇴직한 사실, 피고 공사는 그 소속 임·직원에 대한 퇴직금지급에 관하여 1967. 8. 30. 제정되어 시행되어 온 취업규칙 제58조에서 "퇴직하는 직원에 대하여는 퇴직급여규정에 정하는 바에 따라 퇴직금을 지급한다."라고 규정하고, 그 위임에 따라 제정된 별도의 퇴직급여규정 제4조에서 퇴직급여액은 퇴직 당시의 월봉에 재직기간에 따라 누진되는 지급률을 곱하여 산출하여 지급한다고 규정하였으며, 제3조는 월봉이라 함은 퇴직 당시의 평균임금을 의미하는 것으로 규정하고 있었던 사실, 또한 그 당시 적용되고 있던 보수규정 제15조는 퇴직금의 기초가 되는 평균임금의 산정은 퇴사일로부터 최종 3개월 간에 지급된 기본급, 월 제 수당, 월차휴가수당과 전년도에 지급된 연차휴가수당의 12분의 3 해당액 및 퇴직 전 1년간에 지급된 상여수당의 12분의 3 해당액의 합산액을 3등분한 것으로 한다고 규정하고 있고, 제13조에는 수당의 종류로서 ① 기술수당, ② 시간외근무수당, ③ 건설수당, ④ 휴일근무수당, ⑤ 야간근무수당, ⑥ 연월차수당, ⑦ 상여수당, ⑧ 출납수당, ⑨ 위험수당, ⑩ 벽지수당, ⑪ 일숙직수당 등 11개의 수당을 규정하고 있었던 사실, 그런데 피고 공사는 1980년말 무렵 정부로부터 퇴직금 지급수준의 인하방침을 시달받고 개정 전 퇴직급여규정에 대해, 지급률을 하향 조정하고 월봉의 개념도 퇴직 직전일로부터 최종 3개월 간에 지급된 기본급 및 매월 공통으로 지급되는 제 수당(건설수당, 시간외근무수당, 휴일근무수당, 월차휴가수당)과 퇴직 직전 1년간에 지급된 연차휴가수당 및 상여수당의 12분의 3 해당액의 합산액을 3등분한 것만으로 한정하는 등으로 개정하여 1981. 1. 1.부터 시행하여 오고 있으며 그 무렵 보수규정 제13조에 가족수당이 신설되어 지급되어 오고 있는 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 피고 공사의 위와 같은 퇴직금 규정의 개정은 근로자들에게 불리함에도 근로자 집단의 동의를 얻지 아니하였으므로 원고들에게는 개정 전의 퇴직금 규정이 적용되어야 한다고 전제한 후 개정 전 퇴직금 규정에서 정한 평균임금은 근로기준법상의 평균임금을 뜻하는 것이 아니므로 가족수당은 원고들의 퇴직금 산정의 기초인 평균임금에서 제외되어야 한다는 피고의 주장에 대하여, 동일한 사업장에서 동일한 취업규칙을 근거로 하여 제정된 보수규정과 퇴직급여규정에서 규정하고 있는 '평균임금'이라는 용어는 특별한 사정이 없는 한 동일하게 해석하여야 할 것이고 앞에서 본 바와 같이 개정된 퇴직급여규정은 그 급여규정 자체에서 월봉에 포함되는 제 수당을 열거하고 있으므로 위 규정에 의한 퇴직금산정에 있어 평균임금의 내용인 제 수당은 위에서 열거되는 제 수당만으로 한정된다는 의미로 해석할 수 있지만, 위 개정 전 퇴직급여규정은 앞서 본 바와 같이 퇴직급여액 산정의 기초가 되는 월봉이란 퇴직 당시의 평균임금이라고만 규정하여 월봉의 개념에서 각종 수당을 제한적으로 열거하지 아니하고 별도의 규정인 보수규정에서 평균임금과 평균임금의 한 내용을 이루는 월 제 수당을 구체화하고 있으며 그 월 제 수당은 후에 보수규정의 개정에 따라 삭제되거나 추가 신설되는 방법으로 변동될 수 있으므로 원고들이 위 보수규정의 개정에 따른 위 가족수당의 추가 신설로 퇴직 당시 이를 지급받았고 위 가족수당이 일정한 요건에 해당하는 피고 공사의 직원에게는 일률적으로 매월 정기적으로 지급되는 것이어서 월봉(평균임금)에 포함되어야 한다는 이유로 피고의 위 주장을 배척하였다.

피고 공사의 개정 전 퇴직급여규정과 보수규정 등에서 정하고 있는 '평균임금'이 근로기준법상의 평균임금인지의 여부나 평균임금의 한 내용으로서의 '월 제 수당'에 가족수당이 포함되는지의 여부는 위 규정들의 객관적 해석에 의하여 가려질 것이나 그 해석에 있어서는 위 규정들에 근거한 피고 공사의 지급관행 및 위 규정들의 개정 경위와 그 내용 등 여러 사정을 종합적으로 살펴 그 뜻을 헤아려 보아야 할 것이다.

그런데 개정 전 보수규정 제13조가 열거하고 있는 수당 중 ⑪ 일숙직수당은 그 성격이 일숙직 당일의 식비 등으로 소비되는 실비보상의 성질을 띠는 것으로 근로의 대가라고 보기 어려운 것(대법원 1990. 11. 27. 선고 90다카10312 판결)임에도 이러한 수당까지도 포함하는 개정 전 보수규정 제15조의 평균임금 및 이와 동일한 의미로 해석되는 개정 전 퇴직급여규정 제3조의 평균임금이 근로기준법상의 평균임금이라고 볼 수는 없을 것이다.

그리고 개정된 퇴직급여규정이 개정 전의 평균임금 중 '월 제 수당'에 해당하는 부분을 '매월 공통으로 지급되는 제 수당(건설수당, 시간외근무수당, 휴일근무수당, 월차휴가수당)'으로 한정하고 있고, 기록에 의하면 가족수당은 1981. 1. 1. 퇴직금급여규정이 개정될 무렵부터 현재 시행중인 보수규정상의 제 수당의 하나로 포함되어 있음에도 불구하고 피고 공사는 위 퇴직급여규정의 개정 전부터 현재까지 한 번도 가족수당을 퇴직금산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금(월봉)에는 포함시키지 아니한 사실 및 원고들의 보수액에서 위 가족수당을 제외한 평균임금을 기초로 하고 개정 전 퇴직급여기준에 따른 누진적 지급률을 적용하여 퇴직금을 산정하더라도 위 가족수당을 평균임금에 산입하고 구 근로기준법(1996. 12. 31. 법률 제5245호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제28조 제1항의 기준에 따라 산정한 퇴직금보다 많은 사실 등을 인정할 수 있는바, 위와 같은 점 등을 종합하여 보면 개정 전 보수규정 제15조의 평균임금의 일부인 '월 제 수당'은 그 당시 같은 보수규정 제13조에서 정하고 있는 수당만을 가리킨다고 해석하여야 할 것이어서 결국 위 가족수당은 원고들의 퇴직금산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금(월봉)에서 제외된다고 봄이 상당하다.

당원은 이미 1996. 10. 25. 선고 96다23863 판결에서 이와 같은 취지로 판시한 바가 있고, 한편 당원 1995. 7. 11. 선고 93다26168 전원합의체 판결은 이와 어긋나는 듯한 취지로 판시한 바가 있으나 이는 위 93다26168 사건에서는 피고가 원심에서까지는 개정 후의 퇴직급여규정에 따라 원고의 퇴직금을 산정하여야 한다는 주장을 하였을 뿐이고, 개정 전 퇴직급여규정상의 평균임금이 근로기준법상의 그것과 다르다는 주장은 상고심에 이르러 비로소 새롭게 함에 따라 피고의 위 주장이 적법한 상고이유로 받아들여지지 아니하였던 데에 기인하는 것이라 할 것이므로 개정 전 퇴직급여규정상의 평균임금이 근로기준법상의 그것과 다르다는 주장을 원심에서부터 하고 있는 이 사건에서는 이와 결론을 달리할 수밖에 없는 것이다.

그럼에도 불구하고 원심판결이 판시와 같은 이유만으로 가족수당을 개정 전 퇴직급여규정상의 평균임금(월봉)에 포함된다고 판단한 것은 개정 전 퇴직급여규정상의 평균임금(월봉)의 법리를 오해하여 판결 결과에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다고 할 것이므로 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유가 있다.

그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고 이 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 송진훈(재판장) 천경송 지창권(주심) 신성택

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