[Plaintiffs, Respondents and Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 44 others (Attorneys An Seok-tae and 1 other, Counsel for the plaintiffs)
[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff 46 (Attorneys An Seok-tae and 1 other, Counsel for the plaintiff)
[Defendant, Appellant and Respondent] ○○○ Co., Ltd. (Attorneys Lee Jae-hu and 2 others, Counsel for the defendant)
[Judgment Below] Busan High Court Decision 2002Na4900 dated April 16, 2003
[Order]
The part of the judgment below against the Defendant with respect to the Plaintiffs other than Plaintiff 46 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the Busan High Court. All appeals by the Plaintiffs are dismissed. The costs of the appeal between Plaintiff 46 and the Defendant shall be borne by Plaintiff 46.
[Reasoning]
1. Determination on the Defendant's grounds of appeal
A. As to the fourth ground of appeal
(1) The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence adopted, found as follows: According to the Defendant company's compensation regulations (hereinafter referred to as the "former compensation regulations") in effect in 1992, when the Plaintiffs were employed at the Defendant company, the retirement allowance to be paid to an employee with at least one year of continuous service upon retirement was to be the amount obtained by multiplying the "average monthly wage" at the time of retirement by the number of months of retirement allowance payment (which increased progressively according to the period of continuous service) (Article 15, Paragraph 1); as for the types of wages, the regulations provided for basic pay and various allowances (position allowance, treatment allowance, cost-of-living allowance, duty allowance, license allowance, hazard allowance, overtime work allowance) (Article 4), while payment of bonuses was to be governed by a separate bonus payment regulation (Article 14); according to the Defendant company's bonus payment regulations in effect at the time (hereinafter referred to as the "former bonus payment regulations"), bonus payments were to be determined by the board of directors in consideration of the company's ordinary management conditions (Article 2), and the payment standard was to be calculated by multiplying the sum of the basic pay and position allowance (Article 4) by the bonus payment rate determined by the board of directors (Article 5); since the Defendant company agreed in the wage agreement of July 31, 1990 to pay an annual bonus of 700% and a special bonus based on management performance, it had regularly paid a periodic bonus of 700% and a special bonus of 200% (company anniversary (100%), Chuseok (50%), and summer vacation (50%, sometimes paid under the name of physical fitness expenses)) every year thereafter; the Defendant company enacted and enforced new compensation regulations as of January 1, 1993 (which abolished and integrated the former compensation regulations and the former bonus payment regulations while amending part of their content), and according to these compensation regulations, wages consisted of basic pay and allowances (Article 5, Paragraph 1), the types of allowances being position allowance (including treatment allowance), duty allowance, cost-of-living allowance, license allowance, hazard allowance, notification allowance, and overtime and holiday work allowance (Article 5, Paragraph 2, with the notification allowance newly established); with respect to retirement allowances, the retirement allowance to be paid to an employee with at least one year of continuous service upon retirement was to be the amount obtained by multiplying the "wage base for calculating retirement allowance" by the number of months of retirement allowance payment according to years of continuous service (the progressive rate being the same as before) (Article 24, Paragraph 1); the wage base for calculating retirement allowance was to be the sum of basic pay, periodic bonus (the amount obtained by dividing 700% of the periodic bonus by 12, based on the final payment amount before retirement), and among the various allowances, the position allowance, duty allowance, cost-of-living allowance, license allowance, hazard allowance, and notification allowance, plus meal expenses and transportation expenses (Article 25); as for bonuses, there were two types, the periodic bonus and the welfare benefit expenses (Article 16, Paragraph 1), with the periodic bonus being paid at an annual rate of 700%, calculated on the basis of the sum of basic pay and position allowance (Article 17), on the 15th of the relevant month (Article 16, Paragraph 2), the payment rate and timing of the periodic bonus being determined by the board of directors in consideration of the company's ordinary management conditions (Article 16, Paragraph 3), and the payment rate and eligible recipients of the welfare benefit expenses being separately determined (Article 16, Paragraph 4); the Defendant company continued to regularly pay welfare benefit expenses at the same timing and rate as the former special bonus (paid under the names of company anniversary bonus, Chuseok bonus, year-end bonus, etc.). The court below further found that the Defendant company amended and enforced the above compensation regulations as of November 1, 1995, and according to the amended compensation regulations, wages consisted of basic pay and allowances (Article 5, Paragraph 1), the types of allowances being position allowance, duty allowance, cost-of-living allowance, seniority allowance, license allowance, vacation compensation allowance, and overtime and holiday work allowance (Article 5, Paragraph 2, with the hazard allowance and notification allowance absorbed into and abolished in favor of the duty allowance, and the seniority allowance and vacation compensation allowance newly established); with respect to retirement allowances, the retirement allowance to be paid to an employee with at least one year of continuous service upon retirement was to be the amount obtained by multiplying the "wage base for calculating retirement allowance" by the number of months of retirement allowance payment according to years of continuous service (the progressive rate being the same as before) (Article 27, Paragraph 1); the wage base for calculating retirement allowance was to be the sum of basic pay, periodic bonus (the amount obtained by dividing 700% of the periodic bonus by 12, based on the final payment amount before retirement), and among the various allowances, the position allowance, cost-of-living allowance, duty allowance, seniority allowance, and license allowance, plus meal expenses and transportation expenses (Articles 28 and 29, excluding the vacation compensation allowance and overtime and holiday work allowance); in calculating the period of continuous service, periods of less than one year were to be calculated on a monthly pro rata basis, with 15 days or more counted as one month and less than 15 days not counted (Article 30, Paragraph 2); as for bonuses, there were two types, the periodic bonus and the welfare benefit expenses (Article 18, Paragraph 1), with the periodic bonus being paid at an annual rate of 700%, calculated on the basis of the sum of basic pay and position allowance (Article 19), on the 15th of the relevant month (Article 18, Paragraph 2), and the payment rate, timing, and eligible recipients of the welfare benefit expenses being determined by the board of directors in consideration of the company's ordinary management conditions (Article 18, Paragraph 3); the Defendant company continued to regularly pay the welfare benefit expenses at the same timing and rate as before even after the amendment of the above compensation regulations. Meanwhile, the court below found that the Defendant company amended the compensation regulations by resolution of the board of directors on December 23, 1997, newly establishing provisions concerning honorary retirement allowances (Article 31 (Paragraph 1: In addition to the retirement allowance under Article 29 of the compensation regulations, an honorary retirement allowance calculated according to the following standards shall be paid to a person who retires honorably pursuant to Article 47 of the Rules of Employment. Paragraph 2: standards and calculation methods for the honorary retirement allowance. Paragraph 3: detailed matters concerning payment of the honorary retirement allowance shall be separately determined by the representative director of the Defendant company)) (otherwise identical to the former compensation regulations), and enforced this from the same date.
Having made these findings, the court below determined, as regards the welfare benefit expenses, that although the Defendant company's former compensation regulations designated the wage base for calculating retirement allowance as the "average monthly wage" and, in referring to the types of wages, mentioned basic pay and various allowances without explicitly listing the (special) bonus as one type of wage, since the Defendant company had continuously paid a fixed amount of periodic bonus and special bonus at fixed times every year, this should in principle be included in the "average wage" that forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법); and that in light of the fact that the former compensation regulations themselves contained a basis provision concerning bonuses by stating that "as for bonuses, the separate bonus payment regulations shall govern," and that the Defendant company had from the outset included the periodic bonus in the wage base for calculating retirement allowance, it was reasonable to view that the "average monthly wage," which forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance under the Defendant company's former compensation regulations, also included the special bonus. The court below further determined that the welfare benefit expenses paid by the Defendant company after the enactment and enforcement of the compensation regulations as of January 1, 1993 were paid at the same timing and rate as the former special bonus, differing only in name but identical in substance; therefore, the welfare benefit expenses, like the special bonus, possessed the character of wages as consideration for labor and should thus be included in the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance. The court below also determined, as regards the annual/monthly leave compensation allowance (hereinafter referred to as the "annual/monthly leave allowance"), that although it was not clearly specified whether the annual/monthly leave allowance was included in the average monthly wage under the former compensation regulations, the annual/monthly leave allowance, being paid when an employee works without using all or part of the annual/monthly leave available for use within one year, constituted wages having the character of consideration for labor, and since the former compensation regulations did not specifically exclude the annual/monthly leave allowance from the average monthly wage, it was necessarily included in the average monthly wage under the former compensation regulations.
Whether the "average monthly wage," which forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance under the Defendant company's former compensation regulations, constitutes the average wage under the Labor Standards Act, and whether it includes the special bonus, welfare benefit expenses, or annual/monthly leave allowance, are matters to be determined through objective interpretation of the above regulations, and in interpreting them, various circumstances such as the payment practice at the workplace concerned based on the above regulations, and the background and content of the amendments to the above regulations, must be comprehensively considered in order to ascertain their meaning (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 97Da25095 delivered on March 13, 1998). In light of the record and the above legal principles, the fact-finding and determination of the court below as set forth above are justified, and there is no illegality such as misapprehension of the rules of evidence resulting in mistaken fact-finding, or misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the meaning of average wage forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.
(2) The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence adopted, found that the Defendant company agreed in the collective agreement of September 2, 1988 to pay all union members a monthly meal allowance of 50,000 won and to pay all employees a monthly transportation allowance of 30,000 won, and had continuously paid meal expenses and transportation expenses to employees on a regular and uniform basis thereafter; and that even before the enforcement of the compensation regulations of January 1, 1993, the Defendant company had calculated and paid retirement allowances by including the above meal expenses and transportation expenses in the "average monthly wage" forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance. Considering this together with the fact that meal expenses and transportation expenses paid regularly and uniformly should, by their nature, be included in the "average wage" forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, the court below determined that the above compensation regulations merely codified in writing the fact that meal expenses and transportation expenses were included in the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, and could not be viewed as newly including, to the employees' advantage, items that had not previously been included. The court below further determined that, since the welfare benefit expenses were excluded from the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance under the compensation regulations enacted and amended as of January 1, 1993 and November 1, 1995, respectively, the mere fact that the newly established notification allowance and seniority allowance were included in the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance could not be said to constitute a more favorable change in working conditions compared to those under the former compensation regulations, etc. In light of the record, the fact-finding and determination of the court below are justified, and there is no illegality such as misapprehension of the rules of evidence resulting in mistaken fact-finding, or misapprehension of the legal principles concerning unfavorable modification of rules of employment, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.
B. As to the first ground of appeal
(1) The determination of the court below
(A) The court below, upon comprehensive consideration of the evidence adopted, found as follows: The Defendant company and the Defendant company's labor union (formally named the □□ Branch of the National △△△ Workers' Union, but referred to for convenience as the "Defendant company's labor union") concluded a supplementary agreement, being a collective agreement, on November 28, 1997, based on the common agreement dated September 11, 1997 concluded between the 20 national △△△ companies and the National △△△ Workers' Union (Article 76 of which provides that detailed matters concerning the calculation of retirement allowances to be paid to retirees with one or more years of continuous service shall be determined by the supplementary agreement for each company). Article 46 of the above supplementary agreement provides, with respect to retirement allowances, that "the Company shall pay retirement allowances in accordance with the attached payment rate based on the average wage to a union member with one or more years of continuous service upon retirement," while, on the premise of implementing an honorary retirement system, the proviso to Article 25 provides that "matters concerning honorary retirement shall be governed by separate labor-management consultation." Pursuant to the proviso to Article 25 of the above supplementary agreement, the Labor-Management Council, composed of 5 employer members selected by the Defendant company (including the representative director) and 5 employee members selected by the Defendant company's labor union (including Non-party 1, the union representative), discussed detailed matters concerning implementation of the honorary retirement system around December 20 of the same year, and on December 24 of the same year, drafted an attached agreement to the supplementary collective agreement (hereinafter referred to as the "instant attached agreement") consisting of 3 articles, which was signed (but not sealed) by the Defendant company's representative director and Non-party 1. The instant attached agreement provides in Article 1 for the subjects of honorary retirement and the method of calculating the honorary retirement allowance, and in Article 2 [Wage Base for Calculating Retirement Allowance] provides that "the average wage under Article 46 of the supplementary collective agreement shall be the wage base for calculating retirement allowance under Article 28 of the compensation regulations," and in Article 3 [Scope of Application] provides that "Articles 1 and 2 above shall apply to persons who retire or retire honorably after the conclusion of this attached agreement." However, Article 2 of the above attached agreement was not initially included among the matters for discussion by the Labor-Management Council; rather, the Defendant company, in paying retirement allowances to Non-party 3 and others who had retired while the former compensation regulations and bonus payment regulations were in effect, had included only the 700% periodic bonus, and not the 200% special bonus, in the "average monthly wage" forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, and, in paying retirement allowances to Non-party 4 and others who had retired after the enactment and enforcement of the compensation regulations of January 1, 1993, had likewise included only the 700% periodic bonus, and not the 200% welfare benefit expenses, in the wage base for calculating retirement allowance pursuant to the above compensation regulations; however, in a retirement allowance claim lawsuit filed by the above retirees against the Defendant company, it was determined that the 200% special bonus under the former bonus payment regulations should be included in the "average monthly wage" forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, just as the periodic bonus, and that the welfare benefit expenses paid by the Defendant company after the enforcement of the compensation regulations of January 1, 1993 were paid at the same timing and rate as the former special bonus, differing only in name but identical in substance, and should therefore be included in the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance; as a result, the Defendant company found itself obligated to pay the difference to the above retirees. Taking into account these circumstances, together with the fact that the implementation of the honorary retirement system newly established through labor-management consultation was scheduled for around January 1998, the Defendant company, intending to preclude in advance any disputes that might arise in the future concerning the calculation of retirement allowances for retirees, inserted into the matters for discussion, pursuant to the prior instruction of the representative director, a provision fixing the average wage prescribed in Article 46 of the above supplementary agreement as the wage base for calculating retirement allowance under the compensation regulations; the employee members raised no particular objection to this, and it came to be included in the above attached agreement. Meanwhile, the court below found that, as of December 24, 1997, when the instant attached agreement was drafted, among the 244 executives and employees of the Defendant company, 127 persons, constituting a majority of the 193 persons eligible for union membership, were enrolled as union members of the Defendant company's labor union, which had completed its establishment report on May 16, 1988. Having made these findings, the court below determined that the instant attached agreement was drafted through the Labor-Management Council procedure established to discuss matters concerning honorary retirement pursuant to Article 25 of the above supplementary agreement, and that, this being so, the instant attached agreement and the accompanying document merely constituted a labor-management agreement of the type reached as a result of discussion by the Labor-Management Council and the document embodying its content, and could not be viewed as a collective agreement concluded as a result of collective bargaining between labor and management, nor as a collective agreement document embodying such content.
(B) The court below further determined as follows: The proviso to Article 25 of the above supplementary agreement delegated only matters concerning honorary retirement to the Labor-Management Council as matters for discussion, and did not delegate as a matter for discussion the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, which had already been determined under Article 46 of the supplementary agreement; moreover, the Labor-Management Council system is a system aimed at promoting industrial peace by enhancing the common interests of labor and management through mutual understanding and cooperation between employees and employers, the purpose of which differs from that of a labor union; therefore, even if matters concerning working conditions are provided for as matters for discussion, it cannot be said that, in electing employee members who compose the Labor-Management Council (in cases where a labor union exists, the labor union appoints such members, provided that the labor union representative is necessarily included), the employees comprehensively delegated to the employee members the authority to consent on their behalf to unfavorable changes in working conditions; accordingly, obtaining the consent of the employee members cannot be equated with obtaining the consent of a majority of the employees or the consent of the labor union, and this conclusion is not altered by the fact that the labor union representative was included among the employee members and gave his consent (in light of Article 14 of the Act on the Promotion of Workers' Participation and Cooperation (근로자참여및협력증진에관한법률), which provides that the Labor-Management Council shall be convened with the attendance of a majority of each of the employee members and employer members and shall pass resolutions with the concurrence of two-thirds or more of the members present, the labor union representative attending as an employee member merely holds the status of one of the Labor-Management Council members and does not hold the status of representing the labor union as in the case of collective bargaining). Adding these considerations, the court below determined that the mere fact that the employee members, including Non-party 1, the representative of the Defendant company's labor union, drafted, through the Labor-Management Council procedure, an attached agreement providing for the exclusion of welfare benefit expenses and annual/monthly leave allowance from the wages forming the basis for calculating retirement allowance, does not suffice to establish that the Defendant company's labor union consented to or ratified the compensation regulations as unfavorably modified against the employees.
(2) The determination of the Supreme Court
(A) However, the above determination of the court below cannot be upheld, for the following reasons.
A collective agreement is established when a labor union prepares in writing an agreement (accord) with the employer or employer organization concerning working conditions or other matters arising from labor-management relations, and both parties sign and affix their seals thereto; the agreement (accord) need not necessarily be reached through a formal collective bargaining procedure.
Accordingly, even if an agreement between a labor union and an employer concerning working conditions or other labor-management matters was reached through discussion by the Labor-Management Council, if both parties prepared it in writing with the intention of making it a collective agreement, and the representatives of both parties signed and affixed their seals representing the labor union and the employer, respectively, thereby satisfying the substantive and formal requirements of a collective agreement, this should be regarded as a collective agreement.
According to the record, the following facts can be ascertained: The Defendant company's Labor-Management Council is composed of no more than 10 members, with an equal number of members from labor and management, the employee-side members being persons appointed by the branch, including the branch chief of the Busan Branch of the National △△△ Workers' Union, and the employer-side members being persons appointed by the representative director, including the representative director himself; the Labor-Management Council is convened with the attendance of a majority of each of the employee members and employer members and may pass resolutions with the concurrence of two-thirds or more of the members present. Article 89 of the Defendant company's common agreement provides that a Labor-Management Council shall be organized and operated at each company to discuss various matters arising from the implementation of this agreement and other matters of labor-management cooperation; and Article 12, Item 2 of the Defendant company's Labor-Management Council Operating Regulations designates matters concerning collective agreements as matters for discussion, such that collective agreement matters are also matters for discussion by the Labor-Management Council, and in actual practice, collective agreement matters had customarily been discussed at the Labor-Management Council. The instant attached agreement was drafted through discussion of detailed matters concerning the implementation of the honorary retirement system at the Defendant company's Labor-Management Council, pursuant to the proviso to Article 25 of the supplementary agreement dated November 28, 1997, which provides that "matters concerning honorary retirement shall be governed by separate labor-management consultation." Although Article 2 of the instant attached agreement was not initially included among the matters for discussion by the Labor-Management Council, since the Defendant company had lost the retirement allowance lawsuits filed by retirees and thereby found itself obligated to include welfare benefit expenses in the wage base for calculating retirement allowance, and since the implementation of the honorary retirement system was scheduled for around January 1998, the Defendant company, in order to clearly fix the average wage prescribed in Article 46 of the above supplementary agreement as the wage base for calculating retirement allowance under the compensation regulations and thereby prevent in advance any disputes that retirees might raise in the future, inserted this provision into the attached agreement through discussion and agreement at the Labor-Management Council. The document is titled "Attached Agreement to the Supplementary Agreement," and the employee-side members of the Labor-Management Council, including the union chief, were all also bargaining committee members for collective bargaining, while the employer-side members included the representative director; with all 10 members of the Labor-Management Council in attendance, the Defendant company's representative director and the labor union's representative signed next to their respective printed names, "Non-party 2, Representative Director and President, Busan △△△ Co., Ltd." and "Non-party 1, Branch Chief, Busan Branch, National △△△ Workers' Union." This being so, in light of the series of processes whereby the common agreement was concluded on September 11, 1997 between the 20 national △△△ companies and the National △△△ Workers' Union, the supplementary agreement was concluded on November 28, 1997 between the Defendant company and the Defendant company's labor union based thereon, and subsequently the instant attached agreement was concluded, the instant attached agreement should be regarded as having been prepared in writing and signed with the intention of making it a collective agreement, following the substantive formation of an agreement between the labor and management parties concerning working conditions, thereby satisfying the substantive and formal requirements of a collective agreement, and it is reasonable to view it as a collective agreement (the requirement that the content of the agreement be reduced to writing is intended to prevent future disputes by clarifying the content of the collective agreement, while the requirement of a signature and seal procedure is intended to secure the authenticity of the collective agreement by clarifying the parties to the agreement and confirming their final intention (see, e.g., Supreme Court Order 94Ma605 dated March 10, 1995); therefore, the mere fact that only a signature, without a seal, was affixed next to the printed name does not render the agreement invalid).
Furthermore, according to the record, Article 18 of the Operating Rules of the Branch of the Defendant company's labor union provides, among the matters to be resolved by the general meeting, in Item (5), "matters concerning the conclusion and amendment of collective agreements delegated under this Article," and in Item (6), "matters concerning collective bargaining and labor-management consultation delegated under this Article," while Article 23 provides that "the delegates' assembly shall deliberate and resolve in lieu of the matters to be resolved by the general meeting as prescribed in Article 18." However, requiring that, after the labor union's representative has agreed with the employer on the content of a collective agreement as a result of collective bargaining, the proposed agreement must again be submitted to a resolution of the general meeting of union members as to its adoption or rejection, would comprehensively and wholesale restrict the representative's authority to conclude collective agreements, effectively rendering such authority a mere formality, and would thus violate Article 29, Paragraph 1 of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합및노동관계조정법) (see, e.g., Supreme Court en banc Decision 91Nu12257 delivered on April 27, 1993, Supreme Court Decision 2001Da36504 delivered on November 26, 2002); and even if this were interpreted as requiring such procedures under the Rules to be followed prior to collective bargaining, such restriction on the representative's authority under the Rules should not be held to affect the validity of the above collective agreement concluded by the union chief on behalf of the union.
This being so, the above attached agreement should be regarded as having been validly established as a collective agreement.
(B) Meanwhile, a collective agreement is an accord concluded by a labor union with an employer or employer organization concerning working conditions or other matters arising from labor-management relations; where a labor union concludes a collective agreement with the employer side containing content that retroactively consents to or approves the existing standards for determining working conditions such as wages, working hours, and retirement allowances, the effect of such consent or approval extends to union members or employees who are employed at the business and subject to the application of the agreement after the collective agreement takes effect. Accordingly, even in a case where, although a modification of the rules of employment concerning retirement allowances is unfavorable to employees, and the former retirement allowance provisions must be applied to existing employees whose vested interests would be infringed because the employer made the modification without obtaining the consent of the employees through their collective decision-making method, if the labor union concludes a collective agreement with the employer side agreeing to follow the modified retirement allowance provisions, then, regardless of whether it was known that the former retirement allowance provisions should apply to the existing employees whose vested interests would be infringed, the modified retirement allowance provisions must be applied even to the existing employees who become subject to the application of that agreement (see, e.g., Supreme Court Decision 2001Da77970 delivered on June 28, 2002).
Turning to the instant case, since the instant attached agreement to the supplementary agreement concluded between the Defendant company's labor union and the Defendant company on December 24, 1997, containing the provision that "the average wage under the collective agreement shall be the wage base for calculating retirement allowance under Article 28 of the Defendant company's compensation regulations," must be regarded as a collective agreement as set forth above, the compensation regulations, which had been unfavorably modified without the consent of the Defendant company's labor union and were thus invalid, became retroactively valid upon obtaining the consent of the Defendant company's labor union. Accordingly, for the Plaintiffs who were employed at the Defendant company at the time of the above attached agreement, the retirement allowance must be calculated on the basis of the wage base for calculating retirement allowance under the above compensation regulations (that is, excluding the welfare benefit expenses among the bonuses and the annual/monthly leave allowance from the wage base for calculating retirement allowance). The court below, however, on the contrary premise that the above attached agreement was not a collective agreement, held that it was improper to exclude the welfare benefit expenses and the annual/monthly leave allowance from the wage base for calculating retirement allowance for the Plaintiffs; this constitutes an error of law based on a misapprehension of the legal principles concerning consent to unfavorable modification of collective agreements and rules of employment, and this error affected the outcome of the judgment.
The Defendant's ground of appeal pointing this out has merit.
2. Determination on the Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal
The Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal are as follows: that the court below mistakenly calculated the retirement allowance by erroneously believing that the welfare benefit expenses received by the Plaintiffs were 200%, when in fact they were 250%; that it was improper for the court below to include only a portion, rather than 3/12, of the annual/monthly leave allowance received by the Plaintiffs in the average wage; and, additionally, as to the Plaintiffs other than Plaintiff 46, that it was improper for the court below to apply Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법) in determining the rate of interest for delay damages with respect to the portion of the amount awarded to said Plaintiffs at the first instance that was maintained unchanged at the court below because the Defendant's appeal thereon was dismissed, even though it could not be recognized as reasonable for the Defendant to have contested the existence or scope of such obligation from the date of the first instance judgment until the date of the judgment below. However, since it is determined, for the reasons set forth above, that the welfare benefit expenses and the annual/monthly leave allowance must be excluded in calculating the Plaintiffs' retirement allowances, the Plaintiffs' grounds of appeal, which are premised on a different view, are without merit, and there is no need to further examine them.
3. Conclusion
Therefore, without examining the Defendant's remaining grounds of appeal, the part of the judgment below against the Defendant with respect to the Plaintiffs other than Plaintiff 46 is reversed, and this part of the case is remanded to the court below for further hearing and determination; and since the Plaintiffs' appeals are without merit, they are all dismissed. This judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous concurrence of the Justices participating in the decision.
Presiding Justice Lee Kang-guk, Justice Yoo Ji-dam (Presiding Justice on the Record), Justice Bae Ki-won, Justice Kim Yong-dam