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대법원 91다20494

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Calculation Case퇴직금

Decided1991. 12. 24. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The Supreme Court of Korea (대법원) ruled that work periods predating the enforcement of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) cannot be counted toward the years of continuous service used to calculate severance pay (퇴직금). The Court also held that annual paid leave allowance (연차유급휴가수당) compensates for work performed in the year prior to retirement and therefore should not be included in the average wage (평균임금) calculation used for determining severance pay.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker demanded that severance pay be calculated including work performed before the Labor Standards Act took effect, and that annual leave allowance be included in the average wage calculation.
  • OutcomeThe Court ruled that work performed before August 8, 1953 must be excluded from severance pay calculations, and that annual paid leave allowance must not be included in the average wage calculation either.
  • LessonSeverance pay only counts service performed after the Labor Standards Act took effect, and annual leave allowance is not factored into the average wage used to calculate severance pay.
Issues
  • Whether work periods prior to the enforcement of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) should be included in the years of continuous service for severance pay (퇴직금) calculation
  • Whether annual paid leave allowance (연차유급휴가수당) should be included in the average wage (평균임금) used to calculate severance pay
Key reasoning

The Labor Standards Act contains no provision allowing retroactive application, meaning any work performed before August 8, 1953 (the date the Act took effect) must be excluded when calculating years of continuous service for severance pay purposes. Separately, annual paid leave allowance is legally characterized as compensation for labor performed during the year preceding retirement, not for the three-month period immediately before retirement. Since severance pay is based on the average wage calculated from the three months immediately prior to retirement, this annual leave allowance—being compensation tied to an earlier period—does not fit within that average wage calculation and must be excluded.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

a. The Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) came into force on August 8, 1953, and since the Act contains no provision allowing the starting point for calculating an employee's continuous years of service to be retroactively extended to a date before the Act's enforcement, even if an employee had continued working from before the Act's enforcement, the starting point for calculating continuous years of service may not be retroactively extended to a date before the Act's enforcement in calculating retirement allowance, absent special circumstances.

b. According to Articles 18 and 19 of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), it is clear that the average wage, which serves as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance under Article 28 of the same Act, refers to the amount calculated by dividing the total amount of wages paid as consideration for work during the three months prior to the date of retirement of the retiring employee by the total number of days in that period. Meanwhile, the annual paid leave system under Article 48 of the same Act refers to paid leave that an employer must grant, at a time requested by the employee, within the following one-year period, to an employee who has worked without absence for one year or has attended work at a rate of 90% or more. Therefore, even if an employee retires without using the annual paid leave that had become fixed as a right to be granted by virtue of having worked without absence or having attended work at a rate of 90% or more in the year preceding retirement, thereby giving rise to a claim for annual paid leave allowance under the Labor Standards Act for that period, such allowance is paid as consideration for work during "the one year preceding the year of retirement," which is the cause giving rise to the entitlement to such annual paid leave, and cannot be regarded as being paid as consideration for work during "the year of retirement," in which the employee became entitled to claim the annual paid leave. Accordingly, unless part of "the one year preceding the year of retirement," which is the cause giving rise to the entitlement to annual paid leave, falls within "the three months prior to the date of retirement," the annual paid leave allowance cannot be included in the average wage that serves as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,062 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant]

[Defendant, Appellee] Republic of Korea
[Judgment Below] Busan High Court Decision 90Na11295 rendered on May 9, 1991

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

(1) The Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) came into effect on August 8, 1953, and since there is no provision in the said Act that allows the starting point for calculating an employee's years of continuous service to be retroactively applied to a period before the Act's enforcement, even if an employee has continuously worked from before the enforcement of the said Act, the starting point for calculating years of continuous service cannot be retroactively extended to before the enforcement of the said Act in calculating retirement allowance, absent special circumstances (see this Court's Decisions 68Da2104 rendered on February 4, 1969; 71Da707 rendered on May 24, 1971, etc.). Therefore, the court below's ruling that, with respect to the Plaintiffs' claim for retirement allowance under the Labor Standards Act in this case, the portion of the claim for retirement allowance concerning each period of service prior to August 8, 1953, the date the said Act came into effect, is without merit without need for further examination, is justified, and there is no error of misapprehension of the law regarding the calculation of years of continuous service as alleged. The argument on this point is without merit.

(2) According to the record, it is undisputed between the parties that the Plaintiffs were appointed as "Gowon" (고원), which is a specially designated category of national public official, at the Busan Railway Rolling Stock Maintenance Depot (부산철도차량정비창) under the Defendant on the respective dates indicated in the judgment below, and worked there until they were each dismissed from office as of July 31, 1961. Therefore, the court below's determination that the Plaintiffs' status during the said period of service was that of national public officials subject to the Public Officials Pension Act (공무원연금법) is correct, and there is no error of misapprehension of the law regarding the status of Gowon as alleged. The argument on this point is without merit.

(3) According to Articles 18 and 19 of the Labor Standards Act, it is clear that "average wage" (평균임금), which serves as the basis for calculating retirement allowance under Article 28 of the said Act, refers to the amount obtained by dividing the total amount of wages paid to a retiring employee as consideration for labor during the three months prior to the date of retirement by the total number of days in that period. Meanwhile, the annual paid leave system under Article 48 of the said Act refers to paid leave that an employer must grant, at a time requested by the employee, within the following one-year period, to an employee who has worked without absence or has attended at least 90% of the working days during the preceding one-year period. Accordingly, even if an employee retires without using the annual paid leave that became fixed as a right to be granted due to the employee's having worked without absence or having attended at least 90% of the working days in the year preceding retirement, thereby giving rise to a claim for payment of annual paid leave allowance for that period, such allowance is paid as consideration for labor during "the one-year period preceding the year of retirement," which was the cause giving rise to the said annual paid leave, and cannot be regarded as being paid as consideration for labor during "the year of retirement" in which the employee became entitled to claim the annual paid leave. Therefore, unless a portion of "the one-year period preceding the year of retirement," which was the cause giving rise to the annual paid leave, falls within the three months prior to the date of retirement, the annual paid leave allowance cannot be included in the average wage that serves as the basis for calculating retirement allowance (see this Court's Decisions 69Da621 rendered on July 8, 1969; 90Daka24496 rendered on December 21, 1990; 91Da14437 rendered on August 13, 1991, etc.). In the same vein, the court below's determination, in calculating the average wage serving as the basis for calculating the retirement allowance of the Plaintiffs who retired on December 31, 1986, not to include the annual paid leave work allowance that arose from the Plaintiffs' failure to use the annual paid leave that had become fixed due to their having worked without absence in 1985, the year preceding their retirement, is justified, and there is no error of inconsistency in reasoning or insufficiency of reasoning as alleged. The argument on this point is without merit.

(4) Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Kim Ju-han (Presiding Justice), Choi Jae-ho, Yun Kwan, Kim Yong-jun

【판결요지】

가. 근로기준법이 시행된 것은 1953.8.8.이고, 같은 법에 근로자의 계속근로년수 기산점을 같은 법 시행 전으로 소급할 수 있는 규정이 없는 이상, 근로자가 같은 법 시행 전부터 근로를 계속한 것이라 하여도, 퇴직금 산정에 있어 특별한 사정이 없는 한 계속근로년수의 기산점을 같은 법 시행 전으로 소급시킬 수 없다.

나. 근로기준법 제18조, 제19조에 의하면 같은 법 제28조 소정의 퇴직금의 산출기준이 되는 평균임금은 퇴직하는 근로자에 대하여 퇴직한 날 이전 3개월 간에 그 근로의 대상으로 지급된 임금의 총액을 그 기간의 총 일수로 제한 금액을 말하는 것임이 명백하고 한편 같은 법 제48조 소정의 연차유급휴가제도는 사용자가 1년 간 개근하거나 9할 이상 출근한 근로자에 대하여 다음해 1년 사이에 근로자의 청구가 있는 시기에 주어야 하는 유급휴가를 말하는 것이므로 근로자가 퇴직하기 전해에 개근하거나 9할 이상 출근함으로써 받을 것으로 확정된 연차유급휴가를 사용하지 아니한 채 퇴직함으로 말미암아, 그 기간에 대한 근로기준법 소정의 연차유급휴가수당지급청구권이 발생하였다고 하더라도, 이는 위와 같은 연차유급휴가를 받게 된 원인이 된 ‘퇴직하기 전해 1년 간’의 근로의 대상으로 지급되는 것이지, 연차유급휴가를 청구할 수 있게 된 ‘퇴직하는 그 해’의 근로에 대한 대가로 지급되는 것이라고는 볼 수 없기 때문에, 연차유급휴가를 받게 된 원인이 된 ‘퇴직하기 전해 1년 간’의 일부가 ‘퇴직한 날 이전 3월 간’ 내에 포함되지 아니하는 한, 연차유급휴가수당은 퇴직금의 산출기준이 되는 평균임금에 포함시킬 수 없다.

【참조조문】

가.나. 근로기준법 제28조 / 나. 같은 법 제18조, 제19조, 제48조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1969.2.4. 선고 68다2104 판결(집17①민159), 1971.5.24. 선고 71다707 판결 / 나. 대법원 1990.12.21. 선고 90다카24496 판결(공1991,591), 1991.8.13. 선고 91다14437 판결(공1991,2350), 1991.11.12. 선고 91다14826 판결(공1992,92)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,767자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】

【피고, 피상고인】 대한민국

【원심판결】 부산고등법원 1991.5.9. 선고 90나11295 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

(1) 근로기준법이 시행된 것은 1953.8.8.이고, 같은 법에 근로자의 계속근로년수 기산점을 같은 법 시행 전으로 소급할 수 있는 규정이 없는 이상, 근로자가 같은 법 시행 전부터 근로를 계속한 것이라 하여도, 퇴직금 산정에 있어 특별한 사정이 없는 한 계속근로년수의 기산점을 같은 법 시행 전으로 소급시킬 수 없다고 할 것이므로(당원 1969.2.4. 선고 68다2104 판결; 1971.5.24. 선고 71다707 판결 등 참조), 원심이 근로기준법에 의한 원고들의 이 사건 퇴직금청구에 있어, 같은 법이 시행된 1953.8.8. 이전의 각 근무기간에 대한 퇴직금 청구부분은 나아가 판단할 필요없이 이유가 없다고 판시한 것은 정당하고, 거기에 계속근로년수의 계산에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없으므로, 이를 탓하는 논지는 이유가 없다.

(2) 기록에 의하면, 원고들이 원심판시 각 일자에 피고 산하 부산철도차량정비창에 별정직 국가공무원인 고원으로 임용되어 근무하다가, 1961.7.31.자로 각 면직된 사실은 당사자 사이에 다툼이 없는 것으로 되어 있으므로, 원심이 위 근무기간 동안 원고들의 신분관계가 공무원연금법이 적용되는 국가공무원이라고 인정한 것은 옳고, 거기에 논지와 같은 고원의 신분관계에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 없다. 논지는 이유가 없다.

(3) 근로기준법 제18조와 제19조에 의하면 같은 법 제28조 소정의 퇴직금의 산출기준이 되는 “평균임금”은 퇴직하는 근로자에 대하여 퇴직한 날 이전 3개월 간에 그 근로의 대상으로 지급된 임금의 총액을 그 기간의 총일수로 제한 금액을 말하는 것임이 명백하고, 한편 같은 법 제48조 소정의 연차유급휴가제도는 사용자가 1년 간 개근하거나 9할 이상 출근한 근로자에 대하여 다음해 1년 사이에 근로자의 청구가 있는 시기에 주어야 하는 유급휴가를 말하는 것이므로, 근로자가 퇴직하기 전해에 개근하거나 9할 이상 출근함으로써 받을 것으로 확정된 연차유급휴가를 사용하지 아니한 채 퇴직함으로 말미암아, 그 기간에 대한 연차유급휴가수당지급청구권이 발생하였다고 하더라도, 이는 위와 같은 연차유급휴가를 받게 된 원인이 된 “퇴직하기 전해 1년 간”의 근로의 대상으로 지급되는 것이지, 연차유급휴가를 청구할 수 있게 된 “퇴직하는 그 해”의 근로에 대한 대가로 지급되는 것이라고는 볼 수 없기 때문에, 연차유급휴가를 받게 된 원인이 된 “퇴직하기 전해 1년 간”의 일부가 퇴직한 날 이전 3월 간 내에 포함되지 아니하는 한, 연차유급휴가수당은 퇴직금의 산출기준이 되는 평균임금에 포함시킬 수 없다고 할 것이므로(당원 1969.7.8. 선고 69다621 판결; 1990.12.21. 선고 90다카24496 판결; 1991.8.13. 선고 91다14437 판결 등 참조), 같은 취지에서 원심이 1986.12.31. 퇴직한 원고들의 퇴직금산출의 기준이 되는 평균임금을 산정하면서, 원고들이 퇴직하기 전해인 1985년도에 개근하여 받을 것으로 확정된 연차유급휴가를 사용하지 아니함으로써 발생한 연차유급휴가근로수당을 산입하지 아니한 것은 정당하고, 거기에논지와 같은 이유모순 내지 이유불비의 잘못이 없다. 논지는 이유가 없다.

(4) 그러므로, 상고를 기각하고 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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