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대법원 90다15457

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Dispute퇴직금

Decided1991. 03. 12. Court대법원Worker (employee) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
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AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The Korea Water Resources Corporation, a government-invested public corporation, amended its severance pay regulations without obtaining employee consent, resulting in reduced severance pay (퇴직금) benefits. The Supreme Court ruled that employees of government-invested institutions are also protected under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and that any regulatory amendment which strips away employees' vested rights (기득권) without their consent is invalid. The Court further held that employees receiving the reduced severance pay without objection does not constitute implicit ratification (묵시적 추인) of an otherwise invalid regulation.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Korea Water Resources Corporation amended its severance pay regulations without employee consent, reducing the severance pay (퇴직금) owed to its employees.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that employees of government-invested institutions are protected under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), and that regulatory amendments stripping away vested rights (기득권) without consent are invalid.
  • LessonLesson: Even public corporations cannot unilaterally cut employees' vested benefits such as severance pay; any amendment to such regulations requires employee consent.
Issues
  • Whether employees of government-invested institutions are subject to the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법)
  • Whether an amendment to severance pay regulations made without employee consent is legally valid
  • Whether receiving severance pay calculated under an invalid regulation, without raising an objection, constitutes implicit ratification (묵시적 추인) of that regulation
Key reasoning

The Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관관리법) and the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) serve different legislative purposes and cover different subject matters, so the former does not operate as a special law overriding the latter. Consequently, employees of government-invested institutions remain fully protected under the Labor Standards Act. Although the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관관리기본법) grants the board of directors authority to determine compensation, this authority does not extend to unilaterally stripping employees of vested rights (기득권) that have already accrued under existing regulations. Therefore, the amendment reducing severance pay without employee consent was invalid.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] The Government-Invested Enterprises Management Act (정부투자기관관리법) (Act No. 2477 of February 6, 1973, abolished on March 1, 1984 upon the enforcement of the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Enterprises) and the Government-Invested Enterprises Budget and Accounting Act (정부투자기관예산회계법) (Act No. 1119 of August 13, 1962, abolished on March 1, 1984 for the same reason) differ from the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) in their legislative purposes and the matters they regulate, and therefore these Acts cannot be regarded as special laws superseding the Labor Standards Act in their entirety. Moreover, none of the individual provisions of these Acts contains special rules, as against the Labor Standards Act, concerning working conditions such as the remuneration and retirement allowances of officers and employees of government-invested enterprises. Accordingly, matters concerning working conditions such as the remuneration and retirement allowances of officers and employees of government-invested enterprises are subject to the Labor Standards Act.

[2] The fact that Article 17(1) of the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Enterprises (정부투자기관관리기본법) provides that the remuneration of employees of a government-invested enterprise is to be determined by the board of directors in accordance with the guidelines of the Minister of the Economic Planning Board does not mean that this provision can validate a resolution whose content deprives an employee of vested rights or interests concerning retirement allowances.

[3] The mere fact that an employee received retirement allowances under the invalid amended retirement allowance regulations without reserving any objection, and that nearly three years had passed since then, cannot be deemed to constitute implied ratification of the said amended retirement allowance regulations.

Full text (English, AI translation) 4,751 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiff 1 and 50 others, Plaintiffs' Attorney Seongsim General Law Firm, Attorney in charge Kang Su-rim and 2 others

[Defendant, Appellant] Korea Water Resources Corporation (한국수자원공사), Attorney Park Jun-yong

[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 90Na29502 dated October 26, 1990

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

As to Ground 1,
The principle that a special statute takes precedence over a general statute applies where statutes of the same form, i.e., written laws, are mutually contradictory or in conflict with each other, and whether statutes are mutually contradictory must be determined by comprehensively examining the legislative purpose, the matters regulated, and the scope of application of each statute. The Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관관리법, Act No. 2477, enacted February 6, 1973, and abolished on March 1, 1984 upon the enforcement of the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions) had as its purpose the sound fostering of government-invested institutions and the rational management of government investment by prescribing basic matters concerning the operation and management of government-invested institutions. The Budget and Accounting Act for Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관 예산회계법, Act No. 1119, enacted August 13, 1962, and likewise abolished on March 1, 1984 for the same reason) had as its purpose the securing of rational operation and the establishment of an independent accounting system by prescribing matters concerning the budget and accounting of government-invested institutions. Since these purposes and the matters regulated by these Acts differ from those of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), the above Acts cannot be deemed to be, in their entirety, special statutes vis-à-vis the Labor Standards Act. Furthermore, since none of the individual provisions of the above Acts prescribes any special rule, as against the Labor Standards Act, regarding working conditions such as remuneration and retirement allowances of executives and employees of government-invested institutions, matters concerning working conditions such as remuneration and retirement allowances of executives and employees of government-invested institutions are likewise subject to the application of the Labor Standards Act (see this Court's Judgment 89Daka24870 dated March 13, 1990).

Moreover, the fact that Article 17(1) of the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관관리기본법, Act No. 3690, enacted December 31, 1983), which has been in effect since the abolition of the above Acts, provides that the remuneration of employees of government-invested institutions shall be determined by the board of directors in accordance with the guidelines of the Minister of the Economic Planning Board, cannot be interpreted to mean that a resolution depriving an employee of vested rights or benefits concerning retirement allowances can thereby be rendered effective (see this Court's Judgment 90Daka16907 dated November 23, 1990).

The court below's determination, in accordance with the foregoing legal principles, that the amendment of the retirement allowance regulations at issue in this case, made without the consent of the Defendant's employees, is without effect, is justified and acceptable, and there is no error of misapprehension of the legal principles concerning the statutory provisions pointed out in the argument. This ground is without merit.

As to Ground 2,
According to the reasoning of the first instance judgment as cited by the court below, the court below rejected the Defendant's argument that the Plaintiffs, merely by having received their retirement allowances in accordance with the amended retirement allowance regulations without reserving any objection, and by the passage of nearly three years thereafter, had thereby impliedly ratified the amended retirement allowance regulations. Examining the record, the above determination of the court below is justified, and there is no error of misapprehension of the legal principles concerning ratification as pointed out in the argument. Furthermore, the precedent cited in the argument concerns a case with different facts from the present case and does not appear to be an appropriate authority for this case. This ground is without merit.

Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Kim Ju-han (Presiding Justice), Choi Jae-ho, Yun Kwan, Kim Yong-jun

【판결요지】

가. 정부투자기관관리법(1973.2.6. 법률 제2477호, 정부투자기관관리기본법의 시행에 따라 1984.3.1. 폐지) 및 정부투자기관예산회계법 (1962.8.13. 법률 제1119호, 같은 사유로 1984.3.1.폐지)은 근로기준법과는 입법목적, 규정사항들을 달리하므로 위 법들이 전면적으로 근로기준법의 특별법이라고 볼 수 없을 뿐만 아니라 위 각 법률의 개별조항에 있어서도 정부투자 기관 임직원의 보수, 퇴직금 등 근로조건에 관하여 근로기준법에 대한 특칙을 규정한 바도 없기 때문에 정부투자기관의 임직원의 보수, 퇴직금 등 근로조건에 관한 사항은 근로기준법의 적용을 받는다.

나. 정부투자기관관리기본법 제17조 제1항이 정부투자기관의 직원의 보수를 경제기획원장관의 지침에 의하여 이사회가 정하도록 규정하였다고 하여 그 직원이 가지고 있는 퇴직금에 관한 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 내용의 결의를 유효하게 할 수 있다는 취지는 아니다.

다. 무효인 개정 퇴직급여 규정에 따라 아무런 이의 유보없이 퇴직금을 수령한 후 3년 가까운 시일이 지났다는 이유만으로 위 개정퇴직급여규정을 묵시적으로 추인한 것으로 볼 수 없다.

【참조조문】

가.근로기준법 제1조, 제28조, 제36조, 정부투자기관관리법(1973.2.6 법률 제2477호, 1984.3.1.폐지) 제1조정부투자기관예산회계법(1962.8.13. 법률 제1119호, 1984.3.1. 폐지) 제1조 / 나. , 정부투자기관관리기본법 제17조 제1항, 근로기준법 제95조 / 다. 근로기준법 제95조

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1990.3.13. 선고 89다카24780 판결(공1990,882) / 나. 대법원 1990.11.23. 선고 90다카16907 판결(공1991,168), 1991.2.26. 선고 90다15662 판결(공1991,1077)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,606자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고 1 외 50인 원고들 소송대리인 성심종합법무법인 담당변호사 강수림 외 2인

【피고, 상고인】 한국수자원공사 소송대리인 변호사 박준용

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1990.10.26. 선고 90나29502 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

제1점에 대하여,

특별법이 일반법에 우선한다는 원칙은 동일한 형식의 성문법규인 법률이 상호 모순, 저촉되는 경우에 적용되는 것이고 법률이 상호 모순되는지 여부는 각 법률의 입법목적, 규정사항 및 그 적용범위 등을 종합적으로 검토하여 판단하여야 할 것인바, 정부투자기관관리법(1973.2.6. 법률 제2477호, 정부투자기관관리기본법의 시행에 따라 1984.3.1.폐지)은 정부투자기관의 운영과 관리에 관한 기본적인 사항을 규정함으로써 정부투자기관의 건전한 육성을 기하고 정부출자의 합리적 관리를 도모함을 목적으로 하는 것이고, 정부투자기관 예산회계법(1962.8.13. 법률 제1119호, 같은 사유로 1984.3.1.폐지)은 정부투자기관의 예산 및 회계에 관한 사항을 규정함으로써 합리적인 운영과 독립채산제의 확립을 기함을 목적으로 하는 것이어서 근로기준법과는 입법목적, 규정사항들을 달리하므로, 위 법률들이 전면적으로 근로기준법의 특별법이라고 볼 수 없을 뿐 아니라, 위 각 법률의 개별조항에 있어서도 정부투자기관 임직원의 보수, 퇴직금 등 근로조건에 관하여 근로기준법에 대한 특칙을 규정한 바도 없기 때문에 정부투자기관의 임직원의 보수, 퇴직금 등 근로조건에 관한 사항은 역시 근로기준법의 적용을 받는다고 할 것이다(당원 1990.3.13. 선고 89다카24870 판결 참조).

또 위 각 법의 폐지와 함께 시행되고 있는 정부투자기관관리기본법(1983.12.31. 법률 제3690호) 제17조 제1항이 정부투자기관 직원의 보수를 경제기획원장관의 지침에 의거하여 이사회가 정하도록 규정하였다고 하여 이로써 그 직원이 가지고 있는 퇴직금에 관한 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 내용의 결의를 유효하게 할 수 있다는 취지라고는 해석할 수는 없다(당원 1990.11.23. 선고 90다카16907 판결 참조).

원심이 위와 같은 법리에 따라 피고 사원들의 동의없이 한 이 사건 퇴직급여규정의 개정이 효력이 없다고 본 것은 정당한 것으로 수긍이 가고, 거기에 소론이 지적하는 각 법조에 관한 법리오해의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다. 논지는 이유없다.

제2점에 대하여,

원심이 인용한 제1심 판결이유에 의하면, 원심은 원고들이 개정된 퇴직급여규정에 따라 아무런 이의 유보없이 퇴직금을 수령한 후 3년 가까운 시일이 지났다는 이유만으로는 위 개정 퇴직급여규정을 묵시적으로 추인한 것이라고 볼 수 없다 하여 이에 관한 피고의 주장을 배척하고 있는 바, 기록에 비추어 보면 원심의 위와 같은 조치는 정당하고, 거기에 소론이 지적하는 추인에 관한 법리오해의 위법은 없다. 또 소론이 들고 있는 판례는 이 사건과는 사안을 달리하는 것으로서 이 사건에 적절한 사례로는 보이지 아니한다. 논지는 이유없다.

이에 상고를 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

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