Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 96누15763

Cancellation of Dismissal Disposition (해임처분취소)해임처분취소

Decided1997. 01. 24. Court대법원Employer (government agency) won; the Supreme Court reversed the lower court's decision favoring the employee and remanded the case, effectively upholding the dismissal.
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

A railway station employee (역무원) with 27 years of service embezzled part of the cash from a lost item reported by a passenger. The central dispute was whether his dismissal (해임처분) constituted an abuse of the disciplinary authority's discretion, given his long and otherwise faithful service record. The Supreme Court of Korea (대법원) reversed the lower court's ruling, holding that embezzling lost property was both a violation of law and a criminal offense causing public controversy, making the dismissal lawful.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA railway station employee with 27 years of faithful service embezzled part of the cash from lost property reported by a passenger and was subsequently dismissed.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that embezzling lost property was both a legal violation and a criminal offense that caused public controversy, making the dismissal lawful.
  • LessonPublic officials can be dismissed for criminal acts such as embezzlement regardless of their length of service or prior good conduct.
Issues
  • The limits of a disciplinary authority's discretion in disciplining public officials (공무원 징계처분)
  • Whether dismissal was an appropriate disciplinary measure for a public employee who embezzled lost property
Key reasoning

Disciplinary action against a public official is generally left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority, but such discretion is abused only when the disciplinary measure is markedly unreasonable by common social standards. Here, the embezzlement of a passenger's lost cash was not a minor infraction—it was both a violation of statutory law and a criminal offense (형사범죄). This act damaged the dignity expected of a public official and caused significant public controversy (사회적 물의). Given the seriousness of the misconduct, the Court found that dismissal was a proportionate and lawful response, regardless of the employee's lengthy service record.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where there are grounds for disciplinary action against a public official subject to discipline, and a disciplinary measure is to be taken, what kind of measure is to be imposed is left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; however, such a disciplinary measure, taken by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of the above discretionary power, becomes unlawful only where it is found to have manifestly lost reasonableness in light of common social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretionary power entrusted to the disciplinary authority.

[2] The act of a station employee who, while keeping an item reported by a passenger as a lost article found within the station premises, embezzled part of its contents, not only violates the Railroad Lost Property Handling Guidelines (철도유실물취급요령) but also constitutes embezzlement under criminal law, and is misconduct that caused social controversy, including being reported in newspapers. In a case holding that the dismissal disposition against the station employee did not exceed the bounds of discretionary power, on the ground that this misconduct violated
Article 56 and
Article 63, etc. of the State Public Officials Act (국가공무원법), which provide that public officials must comply with statutes and faithfully perform their duties, and must not engage in conduct that damages their dignity whether in the course of their duties or otherwise, and that it considerably undermined the prestige of the Railroad Administration, such that the degree of the misconduct was serious and involved intent.

Full text (English, AI translation) 10,002 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee]

[Defendant, Appellant] Head of the Busan Regional Railroad Administration

[Court Below]

Daegu High Court Decision 96Gu1796 decided September 19, 1996

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed. The case is remanded to the Daegu High Court.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below, comprehensively considering the evidence adopted in its judgment, found the following facts: The Plaintiff, as a railroad station employee affiliated with Dongdaegu Station under the Busan Regional Railroad Administration, was engaged in ticket-checking duties for Train No. 149 bound from Seoul to Busan, which arrived at the above station around 03:12 on November 12, 1995. Around 03:15 on the same day, two young men of unknown identity, unaware that non-party ○○○ and his spouse had left a large red bag—containing KRW 500,000 in cash intended as a wedding congratulatory gift for their nephew—on a chair next to the noodle shop at the station while they were eating, mistook the bag for a lost item and brought it to the Plaintiff, reporting it as lost property. The Plaintiff received the bag and placed it on his own desk in the office next to the ticket gate. After finishing the ticket-checking, he opened the bag and, upon discovering the cash inside a thick envelope located under a wedding invitation, formed the intent to embezzle the cash. Without registering the bag in the lost property ledger as required under the Railroad Lost Property Handling Guidelines, he removed only the cash envelope and hid it under a hat and documents in the lower drawer of his desk. The Plaintiff then returned to the ticket gate and continued checking tickets for another train. Around 03:20 on the same day, when the above couple, ○○○ and his spouse, realized they had lost the bag and asked the Plaintiff about its whereabouts, he merely asked them whether the bag in question was theirs and handed it over, without disclosing the whereabouts of the cash envelope even after they discovered that the cash envelope was missing from the bag and reported this to a police officer stationed at the station, and even while the drawer of his desk, among other places, was being searched until the cash envelope was found. Thereafter, the Plaintiff was seized by the collar and verbally abused, slapped in the face, and severely criticized by many passengers in front of numerous onlookers within the station premises; in addition, the Plaintiff's conduct was reported in some central and local newspapers, and he was even subjected to criminal investigation after being booked. The court below further found that the Defendant issued a suspension-from-position order against the Plaintiff on the 13th of the same month, then requested a disciplinary resolution from the Railroad Administration's General Disciplinary Committee, which Committee resolved that the Plaintiff's above conduct constituted a violation of Article 56 (Duty of Good Faith), Article 63 (Duty to Maintain Dignity) of the State Public Officials Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Act"), and Article 2-2 (Fulfillment of Responsibility) and Article 3 (Establishment of Work Discipline) of the Public Officials Service Regulations, thereby constituting grounds for disciplinary action under Article 78(1), Items 1 through 3 of the Act, and that although dismissal (removal, "pamyeon") would be appropriate, considering that the Plaintiff had served for more than 27 years and was due to retire due to age limit in about one year, the Committee resolved on discharge ("haeim") instead; and that, in accordance with this disciplinary resolution, the Defendant issued the instant disposition discharging the Plaintiff on the 30th of the same month.

Based on these facts, in determining the legality of the instant disposition, the court below further found that the Plaintiff, since being appointed as a railroad employee on April 12, 1968, had served faithfully for approximately 27 years and 7 months until the above embezzlement incident, had received a commendation from the Minister of Transportation on December 31, 1987 for contributing to the development of transportation services as a model public official, and had received a commendation from the Head of the Railroad Administration on September 18, 1990 for having contributed to the development of the railroad through long-term service of 20 years or more; and that apart from the above embezzlement incident, the Plaintiff had never been subject to any criminal punishment or disciplinary action. The court below also found that the Plaintiff deeply repented the above embezzlement incident, which was committed only about one year before his scheduled retirement at the time of the instant disposition, and received a disposition of suspension of indictment, and that the victim also hoped for leniency toward the Plaintiff. Taking into account these circumstances—namely, that the Plaintiff committed the offense impulsively out of a momentary material desire, that the amount of damage was relatively small, and that the victim recovered the full amount of the damaged property immediately after the offense, as well as the Plaintiff's ordinary conduct, work performance, meritorious service, and degree of repentance—the court below determined that the Defendant's discharge of the Plaintiff, a disciplinary measure tantamount to dismissal, constituted an unlawful disposition that exceeded the bounds of discretion in determining the disciplinary measure.

2. However, where a public official subject to discipline has grounds for disciplinary action, the determination of what disposition to impose is a matter left to the discretion of the disciplinary authority; only where the disciplinary disposition imposed by the disciplinary authority in the exercise of such discretion is deemed to have manifestly lost reasonableness in light of social norms, thereby constituting an abuse of the discretion entrusted to the disciplinary authority, can such disposition be deemed unlawful (see Supreme Court Decision 83Nu564 decided December 27, 1983; Supreme Court Decision 94Nu4622 decided June 10, 1994).

Now, Article 56 of the Act provides that all public officials shall comply with laws and regulations and perform their duties faithfully; Article 63 of the Act provides that public officials shall not engage in conduct that damages their dignity, whether in the course of their duties or otherwise; and Article 78(1) of the Act sets forth as grounds for disciplinary action against public officials: in Item 1, violation of this Act or orders issued thereunder; in Item 2, violation of official duties or neglect of duties; and in Item 3, conduct that damages one's honor or dignity, whether in the course of official duties or otherwise. Articles 2-2 and 3 of the Public Officials Service Regulations impose obligations on public officials similar to those under Articles 56 and 63 of the Act. The Railroad Lost Property Handling Guidelines (Railroad Administration Directive No. 295, dated November 23, 1985) provide that lost property found at a station shall be registered in the lost property inventory ledger (lost property ledger) and then returned to its owner through prescribed procedures. According to the facts found by the court below, the Plaintiff's conduct in keeping an item reported by a passenger as lost property found within the station premises and embezzling part of its contents not only violated the Railroad Lost Property Handling Guidelines but also constituted the criminal offense of embezzlement, and, having been reported in newspapers, caused social controversy. Such misconduct must be deemed to constitute a serious violation of Articles 56 and 63 of the Act—which require public officials to comply with laws and regulations and perform their duties faithfully, and prohibit conduct damaging their dignity whether in the course of their duties or otherwise—thereby considerably undermining the prestige of the Railroad Administration, and must be regarded as a case of serious misconduct involving intentional wrongdoing. In light of the degree of this misconduct, even taking into account all circumstances appearing in the record—such as the fact that the Plaintiff served as a railroad public official for a long period and received several commendations, that apart from the above embezzlement incident he had never been subject to any criminal punishment or disciplinary action, that at the time of the instant disposition the above embezzlement incident was committed only about one year before his retirement due to age limit, that he deeply repented and received a disposition of suspension of indictment, and that the victim recovered the full amount of the damaged property and hoped for leniency toward the Plaintiff—it cannot be concluded that the Defendant's instant disposition was excessively harsh so as to constitute an unlawful disposition exceeding the bounds of discretion.

The court below's determination that the discharge disposition, imposed as a disciplinary measure for such criminal conduct by a railroad public official, exceeded the bounds of discretion and was unlawful, based solely on the circumstances set forth in its judgment, constitutes an error in the legal principles concerning the limits of discretion in disciplinary dispositions—an error that opens the way for a public official who forgot the duty of faithful service and committed a criminal act to continue serving in public office—and such error affected the judgment. The portion of the grounds of appeal pointing out this error is well-founded.

3. Accordingly, the judgment below is reversed, and the case is remanded to the court below. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the participating Justices.

Justice Park Jun-seo (Presiding Justice), Park Man-ho, Kim Hyeong-seon, Lee Yong-hun (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 위 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 위법한 것이 된다.

[2] 여객이 역 구내에서 유실물을 습득하였다고 신고한 물건을 보관하면서 그 내용물의 일부를 횡령한 역무원의 행위는 철도유실물취급요령에 위반될 뿐만 아니라 형사상으로도 횡령죄에 해당하고 신문에 보도되는 등으로 사회적 물의까지 따른 비위이므로, 공무원은 법령을 준수하며 성실히 직무를 수행하여야 하고 직무의 내외를 불문하고 그 품위를 손상하는 행위를 하여서는 아니된다는 국가공무원법 제56조, 제63조 등에 위반하여 철도청의 위신을 적지 않게 실추시킨 비위로서 그 비위의 도가 중하고 고의가 있는 경우에 해당한다는 이유로, 그 역무원에 대하여 한 해임처분은 재량권의 범위를 일탈한 것이 아니라고 한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 국가공무원법 제56조 , 제61조 , 제78조 제1항

[2] 국가공무원법 제56조 , 제61조 , 제78조 제1항

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1983. 12. 27. 선고 83누564 판결(공1984, 274), 대법원 1991. 2. 12. 선고 90누5627 판결(공1991, 995), 대법원 1992. 3. 27. 선고 91누9145 판결(공1992, 1440), 대법원 1994. 6. 10. 선고 94누4622 판결(공1994하, 1969)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 3,770자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고,피상고인】

【피고,상고인】 부산지방철도청장

【원심판결】 대구고법 1996. 9. 19. 선고 96구1796 판결

【주문】

원심판결을 파기한다. 사건을 대구고등법원에 환송한다.

【이유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은 그 판결에서 채용하고 있는 증거들을 종합하여 원고는 부산지방철도청 산하 동대구역 소속의 철도원 역무원으로서 1995. 11. 12. 03:12경 위 역에 도착한 서울발 부산행 제149호 열차의 개표업무에 종사하고 있던 중 같은 날 03:15경 성명불상의 청년 2명이 소외 ○○○ 부부가 조카의 결혼축의금으로 줄 현금 500,000원이 든 붉은색의 대형가방을 위 역의 국수판매점 옆 의자에 놓아 둔 채 식사하고 있는 것을 모르고 위 가방을 유실물로 여긴 나머지 이를 원고에게 들고 가 유실물로 신고하자 이를 받아 개표구 옆의 사무실에 있는 자신의 책상 위에 놓아 둔 뒤 개표를 마치고 위 가방을 열어 청첩장 밑에 있는 두터운 봉투 안에 위 현금이 들어 있는 것을 보자 철도유실물취급요령에 따라 위 가방을 유실물대장에 등재하지 아니한 채 위 현금을 횡령할 의사로 현금봉투만을 빼내어 위 책상의 아래 서랍에 든 모자와 서류 밑에 숨겨 둔 사실, 원고는 그런 다음 다시 개표구에 돌아가 다른 열차의 개표를 하던 중 같은 날 03:20경 위 ○○○ 부부가 위 가방을 잃어 버린 것을 알고서 원고에게 그 행방을 묻자 그들에게 위 가방이 맞느냐고만 묻고서 이를 내어 준 뒤 그들이 위 가방에서 위 현금봉투가 없어진 것을 알고서 위 역의 경찰관에게 이를 신고한 다음 위 책상서랍 등을 뒤져 위 현금봉투를 찾아낼 때까지 그 소재를 말하지 아니하였고, 그 후 위 ○○○ 부부로부터 역 구내에서 다수의 여객들이 보는 앞에서 멱살을 잡힌 채 욕설을 들으면서 뺨을 맞고 여객들로부터 많은 비난을 받았을 뿐만 아니라 일부 중앙과 지방의 신문에 원고의 위 행위가 보도된 데다가 형사입건되어 수사를 받기까지 한 사실, 이에 피고는 같은 달 13. 원고에 대하여 직위해제처분을 한 다음 철도청보통징계위원회에 징계의결을 요구하고 위 위원회가 원고의 위 행위는 국가공무원법(이하 '법'이라 한다) 제56조(성실의무), 제63조(품위유지의무), 공무원복무규정 제2조의2(책임완수), 제3조(근무기강의 확립)의 각 규정에 위반한 행위로서 법 제78조 제1항 제1호 내지 제3호 소정의 징계사유에 해당하므로 원고를 파면에 처함이 상당하나 27년 이상 근속하였고 약 1년 뒤 정년퇴직하게 되는 점을 감안하여 해임에 처한다고 의결하자 이 징계의결에 따라 같은 달 30. 원고를 해임에 처하는 이 사건 처분을 한 사실을 인정한 후, 이 사실을 바탕으로 하여 이 사건 처분의 적법 여부를 판단하면서, 다시 원고는 1968. 4. 12. 철도원으로 임용된 이래 위 횡령사건에 이르기까지 약 27년 7개월 동안 재직하여 오면서 성실하게 직무를 수행하여 왔고 1987. 12. 31.에는 교통부장관으로부터 모범공무원으로서 교통업무발전에 기여하였다는 사유로 표창을 받고 1990. 9. 18.에는 철도청장으로부터 20년 이상 장기근속하면서 철도발전에 공헌하였다는 사유로 표창을 받은 공적이 있는 반면 위 횡령사건 이외에는 아무런 형사처분이나 징계처분을 받은 적이 없는 사실, 또한 원고는 이 사건 처분 당시 정년퇴직을 불과 약 1년 남겨두고 저지른 위 횡령사건을 크게 뉘우쳐 기소유예처분을 받았고 피해자도 원고에 대한 관용을 바라고 있는 사실을 인정한 다음, 원고가 순간적인 물욕에 우발적으로 범행하였고 그 피해품의 액수가 비교적 크지 아니하며 범행 직후 피해자가 피해품 전액을 회수한 점 등 이 사건 비위의 유형, 비위의 정도 및 과실의 경중이란 정상에다가 위와 같은 원고의 평소의 소행, 근무성적, 공적, 개전의 정 등의 정상을 보태어 보면, 피고가 원고를 파면에 버금가는 중징계인 해임에 처한 것은 징계양정에 관하여 재량권을 일탈한 처분으로서 위법하다고 판단하고 있다.

2. 그러나 공무원인 피징계자에게 징계사유가 있어 징계처분을 하는 경우 어떠한 처분을 할 것인가 하는 것은 징계권자의 재량에 맡겨진 것이고, 다만 징계권자가 위 재량권의 행사로서 한 징계처분이 사회통념상 현저하게 타당성을 잃어 징계권자에게 맡겨진 재량권을 남용한 것이라고 인정되는 경우에 한하여 그 처분을 위법한 것이라고 할 것이다( 대법원 1983. 12. 27. 선고 83누564 판결, 1994. 6. 10. 선고 94누4622 판결 각 참조).

그런데, 법 제56조는 모든 공무원은 법령을 준수하며 성실히 직무를 수행하여야 한다고 규정하고, 법 제63조는 공무원은 직무의 내외를 불문하고 그 품위를 손상하는 행위를 하여서는 아니된다고 규정하고 있으며, 법 제78조 제1항은 공무원의 징계사유로서 제1호에서 이 법 및 이 법에 의한 명령을 위반하였을 때, 제2호에서 직무상의 의무에 위반하거나 직무를 태만한 때를, 제3호에서 직무의 내외를 불문하고 그 체면 또는 위신을 손상하는 행위를 한 때를 각 들고 있고, 공무원복무규정 제2조의2, 제3조는 공무원에게 법 제56조, 제63조와 유사한 의무를 부과하고 있고, 철도유실물취급요령(1985. 11. 23.자 철도청 지시 제295호)은 역에서 습득한 유실물은 이를 유실물명세부(유실물대장)에 등재한 다음 소정의 절차를 거쳐 그 소유자에게 반환하도록 규정하고 있는바, 원심이 인정한 사실관계에 의하면, 여객이 역 구내에서 유실물을 습득하였다고 신고한 물건을 보관하면서 그 내용물의 일부를 횡령한 원고의 위와 같은 행위는 철도유실물취급요령에 위반될 뿐만 아니라 형사상으로도 횡령죄에 해당하고 신문에 보도되는 등으로 사회적 물의까지 따른 비위이므로, 공무원은 법령을 준수하며 성실히 직무를 수행하여야 하고 직무의 내외를 불문하고 그 품위를 손상하는 행위를 하여서는 아니된다는 법 제56조, 제63조 등에 위반하여 철도청의 위신을 적지 않게 실추시킨 비위로서 그 비위의 도가 중하고 고의가 있는 경우에 해당한다 고 보지 않을 수 없으며, 그 비위의 정도에 비추어 볼 때 원고가 장기간 철도공무원으로 근무하면서 여러 차례 표창을 받았다거나 위 횡령사건 이외에는 아무런 형사처분이나 징계처분을 받은 적이 없고, 이 사건 처분 당시 위 횡령사건은 정년퇴직을 불과 약 1년 남겨두고 저지른 것으로 이를 크게 뉘우쳐 기소유예처분을 받았으며 피해자도 피해품을 전액 회수하여 원고에 대한 관용을 바라고 있는 점 등 기록에 나타난 제반 사정을 참작하더라도 피고의 이 사건 처분이 지나치게 가혹하여 그 재량권의 범위를 일탈한 것으로서 위법한 처분이라고 단정할 수 없다.

원심이 철도공무원의 이러한 범죄행위로 인한 징계처분인 해임처분이 그 판시와 같은 사유만으로 재량권을 일탈한 위법한 처분이라고 판단한 것은 공무원의 성실한 복무자세를 망각하고 범죄행위를 한 공무원이 계속 공직에 종사할 수 있는 길을 열어 놓은 징계처분의 재량권의 한계에 관한 법리를 오해한 조치로서 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있다고 하지 않을 수 없다. 상고이유 중 이 점을 지적하는 부분은 이유 있다.

3. 그러므로 원심판결을 파기하고, 사건을 원심법원에 환송하기로 관여 법관의 의견이 일치되어 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 박준서(재판장) 박만호 김형선 이용훈(주심)

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