Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2000도2871

Obstruction of Business (업무방해)업무방해

Decided2001. 06. 26. Court대법원Worker (Union) Won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This case addresses the requirements and procedures for a labor union's collective action (쟁의행위) to be recognized as legitimate. The Supreme Court ruled that when a strike has multiple purposes, its legitimacy should be judged based on whether the primary purpose is justified, and that once the mediation procedure (조정절차) before the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) has been completed, a union may proceed with strike action without waiting for the mediation decision itself. In this case, the strike was found legitimate because its primary purposes—wage increases and job security—were deemed justified.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA labor union went on strike demanding wage increases and job security, and was subsequently prosecuted for obstruction of business (업무방해).
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court held the strike was legitimate because its dominant purpose—wage increases and job security—was justified, and the union was entitled to strike once the mediation procedure had concluded without waiting for the formal decision.
  • LessonUnions and employers should understand that a strike's legality hinges on its main objective, not every individual demand, and that strikes may lawfully begin as soon as the mandatory mediation process ends, without needing to await the mediation board's final ruling.
Issues
  • Standard for determining the legitimacy of the purpose of a strike when multiple objectives are involved
  • The point at which a strike may lawfully commence after completion of the Labor Relations Commission's mediation procedure
Key reasoning

When a strike serves multiple purposes, courts must evaluate the legitimacy of the strike based on its primary or dominant purpose, rather than requiring every single demand to be justified. The entire strike is considered unlawful only if it is clear that the union would not have gone on strike absent the improper demands. Additionally, once the statutory mediation procedure before the Labor Relations Commission has run its course, the union is not required to wait for the commission's formal mediation decision (조정결정) before initiating strike action. Applying these principles, the Court found that wage increases and employment security were the union's dominant objectives, making the strike lawful despite the presence of some ancillary demands.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] For an industrial action to constitute a justifiable act under the Criminal Act (형법), its purpose must be to foster autonomous negotiations between labor and management for the maintenance and improvement of working conditions, and, absent special circumstances, it must go through the mediation procedure of the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회) in terms of procedure. Where the purposes pursued in an industrial action are multiple and some of them are not legitimate, the propriety of the purpose of the industrial action should be determined based on the propriety of the main or true purpose; therefore, the industrial action as a whole is deemed to lack legitimacy only where it is found that the industrial action would not have been carried out if the unjustified demands had been excluded.

[2] Where a labor union files an application for mediation of a labor dispute with the Labor Relations Commission, the labor union may engage in industrial action either when the mediation procedure has been completed or when the mediation period has expired without the mediation being concluded; it is not required, for the procedure to be legitimate, that the union engage in industrial action only after the Labor Relations Commission has necessarily rendered a mediation decision.

Full text (English, AI translation) 3,608 chars

[Defendant] Defendant
[Appellant] Prosecutor
[Defense Counsel] Kim Ki-deok and 1 other attorney
[Judgment Below] Cheongju District Court Judgment 99No534, dated June 9, 2000

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.

[Reasoning]

In order for a labor dispute act (쟁의행위) to constitute a justifiable act under the Criminal Act (형법), its purpose must be to promote autonomous bargaining between labor and management for the maintenance and improvement of working conditions, and, as a matter of procedure, absent special circumstances, it must have gone through the mediation procedure of the Labor Relations Commission (노동위원회). Where a labor dispute act pursues multiple objectives and some of them are not legitimate, the legitimacy of the purpose of the dispute act must be determined based on the propriety of its main or true objective; therefore, the dispute act as a whole loses its legitimacy only where it is found that the dispute act would not have been undertaken had the illegitimate demand been excluded (see Supreme Court Decision 91Nu5204, decided January 21, 1992). Meanwhile, where a labor union has filed an application for mediation of a labor dispute with the Labor Relations Commission and the mediation procedure has been completed, or the mediation period has expired without mediation being concluded, the labor union may undertake a dispute act; it is not the case that the procedure is legitimate only if the Labor Relations Commission has rendered a mediation decision before the dispute act is carried out.

In this case, the objectives of the dispute act included the conclusion of a wage agreement providing for, among other things, "a wage increase of 6.6% to 9.0% compared to the previous year," the conclusion of an employment security agreement providing for, among other things, "prior consultation with the labor union in the event of a layoff for managerial reasons, job creation through reduction of working hours, and the establishment of a certain fund to be shared between labor and management as part of unemployment countermeasures," and the conclusion of a joint collective agreement providing for, among other things, "equal composition of labor and management members on the personnel disciplinary committee, guarantee of labor union activities, and guarantee of industrial safety devices and welfare systems." Among these, the matter concerning layoffs for managerial reasons was not the main objective among the several objectives. Accordingly, the court below's determination, to the same effect, that the dispute act in this case is recognized as legitimate in terms of its purpose is justified. Furthermore, the court below's determination that the dispute act in this case, having been carried out after going through the mediation procedure of the Labor Relations Commission, is recognized as legitimate in terms of its procedure, is also justified, and there is no error of law, such as a misapprehension of legal principles, as alleged in the grounds of appeal. Accordingly, all of the grounds of appeal on this point are rejected.

Furthermore, inasmuch as the above determination of the court below is justified, the propriety of the additional determination made by the court below regarding the legitimacy of the procedure of the dispute act in this case has no effect on the judgment, and therefore need not be examined; accordingly, this part of the grounds of appeal is also not accepted.

Therefore, it is decided as per the Order that the appeal is dismissed.

Justice Bae Ki-won (Presiding Justice), Seo Seong, Yu Ji-dam, Park Jae-yun (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 쟁의행위가 형법상 정당행위로 되기 위하여는 그 목적이 근로조건의 유지·개선을 위한 노사간의 자치적 교섭을 조성하는 데에 있어야 하고 그 절차에 있어 특별한 사정이 없는 한 노동위원회의 조정절차를 거쳐야 하는바, 쟁의행위에서 추구되는 목적이 여러 가지이고 그 중 일부가 정당하지 못한 경우에는 주된 목적 내지 진정한 목적의 당부에 의하여 그 쟁의행위 목적의 당부를 판단하여야 하므로 부당한 요구사항을 뺐더라면 쟁의행위를 하지 않았을 것이라고 인정되는 경우에만 그 쟁의행위 전체가 정당성을 가지지 못한다.

[2] 노동조합이 노동위원회에 노동쟁의 조정신청을 하여 조정절차가 마쳐지거나 조정이 종료되지 아니한 채 조정기간이 끝나면 노동조합은 쟁의행위를 할 수 있는 것으로 노동위원회가 반드시 조정결정을 한 뒤에 쟁의행위를 하여야지 그 절차가 정당한 것은 아니다.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제1조, 제4조, 제37조, 형법 제20조

[2] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제4조, 제37조, 제45조, 제54조, 형법 제20조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1992. 1. 21. 선고 91누5204 판결(공1992, 927)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,203자 · 펼쳐 보기

【피 고 인】 피고인

【상 고 인】 검사

【변 호 인】 변호사 김기덕 외 1인

【원심판결】 청주지법 2000. 6. 9. 선고 99노534 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

【이 유】쟁의행위가 형법상 정당행위로 되기 위하여는 그 목적이 근로조건의 유지·개선을 위한 노사간의 자치적 교섭을 조성하는 데에 있어야 하고 그 절차에 있어 특별한 사정이 없는 한 노동위원회의 조정절차를 거쳐야 하는바, 쟁의행위에서 추구되는 목적이 여러 가지이고 그 중 일부가 정당하지 못한 경우에는 주된 목적 내지 진정한 목적의 당부에 의하여 그 쟁의행위 목적의 당부를 판단하여야 하므로 부당한 요구사항을 뺐더라면 쟁의행위를 하지 않았을 것이라고 인정되는 경우에만 그 쟁의행위 전체가 정당성을 가지지 못하고(대법원 1992. 1. 21. 선고 91누5204 판결 참조), 한편 노동조합이 노동위원회에 노동쟁의 조정신청을 하여 조정절차가 마쳐지거나 조정이 종료되지 아니한 채 조정기간이 끝나면 노동조합은 쟁의행위를 할 수 있는 것으로 노동위원회가 반드시 조정결정을 한 뒤에 쟁의행위를 하여야지 그 절차가 정당한 것은 아니다.

이 사건에서 그 쟁의행위의 목적은 "전년 대비 6.6%∼9.0%의 임금인상" 등을 내용으로 하는 임금협약안의 체결, "정리해고시 노동조합과의 사전합의, 노동시간 단축을 통한 일자리 창출, 실업대책의 일환으로 일정한 기금의 노사분담마련" 등을 내용으로 한 고용안정협약안의 체결, "인사징계위원회의 노사동수 구성, 노조활동보장, 산업안전장치제도 및 후생복지제도 보장" 등을 내용으로 하는 공동단체협약안의 체결 등에 있고, 그 중 정리해고에 관한 사항은 여러 목적 가운데 주된 목적이 아니므로, 같은 취지에서 이 사건 쟁의행위는 그 목적에 있어 정당성이 인정된다는 원심의 판단은 정당하고, 또한 이 사건 쟁의행위는 노동위원회의 조정절차를 거친 뒤에 이루어진 것으로서 그 절차에 있어 정당성이 인정된다는 원심의 판단 역시 정당하며, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다. 따라서 이 부분 상고이유는 모두 받아들이지 아니한다.

그리고 원심의 위 판단이 정당한 이상 그에 부가하여 이 사건 쟁의행위의 절차의 정당성에 관하여 한 판단의 당부는 판결에 영향이 없으므로 굳이 살펴볼 필요가 없어 이 부분 상고이유도 받아들일 수 없다.

그러므로 주문과 같이 상고를 기각하기로 판결한다.

대법관 배기원(재판장) 서성(주심) 유지담 박재윤

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