Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2001다36504

Confirmation of Bankruptcy Claims (파산채권확정)파산채권확정

Decided2002. 11. 26. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

When a labor union (노동조합) enters into a collective bargaining agreement (단체협약) with an employer that disadvantageously changes working conditions, the agreement is generally valid without requiring individual consent from union members. Requiring the union chairperson's already-concluded agreement to be re-ratified by a general meeting of union members is unlawful. Where an employee is dismissed upon a company's dissolution and later rehired, the resulting employment relationship is treated as a new employment contract, not a continuation of the prior one.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA labor union signed a collective bargaining agreement with the employer that worsened working conditions, and a dispute arose over its validity and the union chairperson's authority.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court upheld the agreement as valid and ruled that rehiring after dissolution created a new, separate employment relationship.
  • LessonEmployers and unions should note that duly authorized collective bargaining agreements bind all members even without individual consent, and internal ratification requirements cannot override a representative's statutory bargaining authority.
Issues
  • Validity of a collective bargaining agreement that disadvantageously changes working conditions
  • Scope of a union representative's authority to conclude collective bargaining agreements
  • Continuity of employment relationship when workers are rehired after a company's dissolution
Key reasoning

Under the principle of collective bargaining autonomy (협약자치 원칙), a labor union has the authority to conclude collective bargaining agreements that alter working conditions unfavorably for its members. Such agreements remain valid unless there are special circumstances showing the agreement is manifestly unreasonable or lacking rationality. Restricting the union representative's statutory authority to conclude collective bargaining agreements by requiring subsequent ratification through a general union meeting contravenes the purpose and intent of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합 및 노동관계조정법). Therefore, such internal procedural limitations cannot invalidate an otherwise properly concluded agreement.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] A collective agreement (단체협약) is an agreement concluded between a labor union and an employer or an employer's association concerning matters arising from working conditions and other labor-management relations, and under the principle of autonomy of collective agreements (협약자치의 원칙), a labor union may conclude with an employer not only a collective agreement that changes working conditions favorably but also one that changes working conditions unfavorably. Therefore, absent special circumstances such as where the content of a collective agreement changing working conditions unfavorably clearly lacks reasonableness and can be seen as deviating from the purposes of the labor union, such an agreement between labor and management cannot be deemed invalid, and the labor union is not required to obtain individual consent or authorization from its members in advance for such an agreement.

[2] Requiring that, after the representative or delegate of a labor union has agreed with the employer on the content of a collective agreement following the results of collective bargaining, the matter must again be put to a resolution of the general meeting of union members regarding approval or disapproval of the agreement, amounts to comprehensively and wholesale restricting the representative's authority to conclude collective agreements, thereby effectively rendering that authority a mere formality in substance, which violates the purport of Article 29(1) of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합및노동관계조정법).

[3] Where a company that has been dissolved for the purpose of discontinuing its business lawfully dismisses an employee in the course of liquidation, the employment relationship between the company, as employer, and the employee is thereby terminated. Even if the company under liquidation re-employs some of the dismissed employees in order to have them carry out liquidation-related duties, absent special circumstances, the employment relationship is newly established from that point onward. Accordingly, retirement allowances for the period after re-employment must be calculated by counting from the date of re-employment.

Full text (English, AI translation) 12,749 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants] Plaintiff 1 and 45 others (Counsel: Attorney Lee Young-su)
[Defendant, Appellee] Defendant, the bankruptcy trustee of the bankrupt Korea Industrial Securities Co., Ltd. (Counsel: Attorney Kim Sook)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 2000Na51416, dated May 9, 2001

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed. The costs of appeal are to be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

1. A collective agreement is an agreement concluded between a labor union and an employer or an employers' association concerning working conditions and other matters arising in labor-management relations. Under the principle of autonomy of collective agreements, a labor union may conclude with the employer not only a collective agreement that changes working conditions favorably but also one that changes working conditions unfavorably. Therefore, unless there are special circumstances, such as the collective agreement unfavorably changing working conditions being so lacking in reasonableness that it can be seen as deviating from the purposes of the labor union, such an agreement between labor and management cannot be deemed invalid, and the labor union is not required to obtain individual consent or authorization from the workers in advance for such an agreement (see Supreme Court Decision 99Da7572, decided November 23, 1999; Supreme Court Decision 99Da67536, decided September 29, 2000, etc.).

The court below, based on the evidence it adopted, found the following facts: the bankrupt company was established on April 25, 1991, with full capital contribution from the Korea Development Bank; as the securities market continued to stagnate from 1995, and due to the crisis in the domestic financial market from 1997 and the successive bankruptcies of large corporations, the company's management deteriorated with continuously accumulating deficits; its sole shareholder, the Korea Development Bank, instructed the bankrupt company to prepare a management improvement plan; accordingly, the bankrupt company prepared a "Management Innovation and Restructuring Implementation Plan" for the early stabilization of normal management, and the Korea Development Bank promised support such as additional capital contribution to the bankrupt company in response; the bankrupt company requested the Korea Development Bank around the end of December 1997 to provide funds for a capital increase, but the bank instructed the company to first implement measures that could be carried out internally; accordingly, on January 9, 1998, the bankrupt company prepared an implementation plan (hereinafter "the Implementation Plan"), consisting of the "1998 Compensation System Operation Plan, Job Classification System Operation Plan, Workforce Restructuring Committee Operation Plan, and Special Retirement Allowance Payment Conditions," as concrete implementation measures excluding capital increase, and the representative director of the bankrupt company and Yoo Young-cheol, the chairman of the labor union, agreed to its implementation and each signed and sealed it; examining the contents of the Implementation Plan, the 1998 Compensation System Operation Plan provided that "the 1998 salary system shall be operated as an annual salary system, and the employees' compensation level shall be set at a level reflecting a 10% reduction of the 1998 base salary"; the Job Classification System Operation Plan provided that "the company's personnel organization shall be divided into 7 job groups by business area, employees shall be assigned to one of these job groups, and employees shall be developed as experts in the business field of the job group to which they belong, in order to improve the productivity of the personnel organization"; the Workforce Restructuring Committee Operation Plan provided that "a Workforce Restructuring Committee shall be established within the company to assess employees' aptitude and ability, and based on the assessment results, decisions on job group assignment shall be made and personnel subject to reduction shall be selected; personnel subject to reduction shall not be assigned to a job group and shall be recommended to retire, and if they refuse, a layoff shall be implemented"; and the Special Retirement Allowance Payment Conditions provided for "the payment conditions of retirement allowances to be paid to those who fail to receive a job group assignment and retire specially at the company's recommendation," among other matters; the bankrupt company had been paying employees' salaries in accordance with the compensation regulations amended on August 29, 1997, for the previous 1997 fiscal year (from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 1998), but beginning April 1, 1998, the start of the 1998 fiscal year, it began paying reduced salaries in accordance with the above Compensation System Operation Plan; meanwhile, prior to this, on June 20, 1997, the bankrupt company had entered into a "Supplementary Agreement on Wages" with the labor union, agreeing that "the 1997 wage increase shall be 4.5% based on the base salary, but shall be frozen for the 1997 fiscal year in consideration of management difficulties, and the increased amount shall be applied from April 1, 1998, within the range of personnel expense and cost savings for the 1997 fiscal year"; therefore, the wages reduced from April 1, 1998 under the above Compensation System Operation Plan were an amount equivalent to 10% of the 1998 wages, calculated on the premise that the 1997 base salary would be increased by 4.5% from the same date. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the Compensation System Operation Plan dated January 9, 1998 was a collective agreement concluded between the bankrupt company and the labor union, and that its effect extended to the Plaintiffs, who were union members, regardless of whether they individually consented thereto, and accordingly rejected the Plaintiffs' argument that the agreement was invalid as being in violation of the existing collective agreement and compensation regulations. Examining the record in light of the legal principles set forth above, the fact-finding and determination of the court below are all justified, and there is no illegality therein such as violation of the rules of evidence or misapprehension of legal principles as argued in the grounds of appeal, and the Supreme Court decisions cited by the Plaintiffs concern different facts and are not appropriate to invoke in this case.

2. The requirement that a representative or delegate of a labor union, after agreeing on the contents of a collective agreement with the employer as a result of collective bargaining, must again undergo a resolution of the general meeting of union members regarding the approval or disapproval of the proposed agreement, comprehensively and fully restricts the representative's authority to conclude collective agreements, thereby effectively hollowing out and rendering nominal the authority to conclude collective agreements, and is contrary to the purpose of Article 29, Paragraph 1 of the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act (노동조합및노동관계조정법) (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 91Nu12257, decided April 27, 1993; Supreme Court Decision 91Nu10787, decided May 11, 1993; Supreme Court Decision 2001Da77970, decided June 28, 2002, etc.).

The court below determined that even though Yoo Young-cheol, the chairman of the labor union, did not undergo a resolution or ratification by the general meeting or the delegates' assembly of the labor union after agreeing with the bankrupt company on the above Compensation System Operation Plan, which was a collective agreement, as a result of collective bargaining, the collective agreement could not be deemed invalid, and accordingly rejected the Plaintiffs' argument that the collective agreement violated the principle of good faith or constituted an abuse of authority. Examining this in light of the record and the legal principles set forth above, it is deemed justified, and there is no illegality such as misapprehension of legal principles as argued in the grounds of appeal.

3. The court below considered the Plaintiffs' argument that the bankrupt company was obligated to refund the returned wages to the Plaintiffs, on the ground that at the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders held on July 25, 1998, the bankrupt company resolved to dissolve the company, and in doing so resolved that "the standard for payment of retirement consolation money to employees dismissed due to the dissolution resolution shall, considering various circumstances, be paid at the level of the five exiting banks as of June 29, 1998," and that accordingly, on the same date, an agreement was reached between the bankrupt company and union chairman Yoo Young-cheol that "the bankrupt company shall pay retirement consolation money at the same level as the payment conditions of the exiting banks that are expected to be applied in the future." In light of the facts found in the judgment and the content of the above wording, the court below rejected this argument on the ground that this merely meant that, in setting the standard for payment of retirement consolation money, the case of the exiting banks would be referenced and payment would be made in the name of a dismissal allowance, and did not mean that the wages reduced and paid under the above Compensation System Operation Plan would be refunded to the Plaintiffs.

Examining the record, the determination of the court below is justified, and since it is clear that the above determination of the court below includes the purport of rejecting the Plaintiffs' argument concerning the agreement between labor and management dated July 25, 1998, there is no illegality such as incomplete deliberation or omission of judgment as argued in the grounds of appeal. Furthermore, the court below's rejection of the Plaintiffs' argument that the wages before the reduction should be used as the standard in calculating the dismissal allowance, etc. to be paid to the Plaintiffs, is also justified, and therefore the Plaintiffs' argument on this point in the grounds of appeal cannot be accepted either.

4. Where a company dissolved for the purpose of terminating its business validly dismisses an employee in the course of liquidation, the employment relationship between the employer company and the employee is thereby terminated. Even if the company under liquidation re-employs some of the dismissed employees to carry out liquidation duties, etc., absent special circumstances, the employment relationship is newly established from that point, and therefore the retirement allowance for the period after re-employment must be calculated starting from the date of re-employment (see Supreme Court Decision 94Da52768, decided October 12, 1995, etc.).

The court below, based on the evidence it adopted, found the following facts: the bankrupt company resolved to dissolve at the extraordinary general meeting of shareholders on July 25, 1998, and decided to suspend all business operations from July 27 of that month and to perform only the work necessary for investor protection and for carrying out liquidation procedures; accordingly, the bankrupt company notified all 395 employees then in service that their employment relationship would terminate as of July 27, 1998, while orally notifying approximately 100 selected employees that they were to perform liquidation duties; the employees who received such notification thereafter remained with the bankrupt company, continuing to work as contract employees while performing the company's liquidation duties; as time passed and the volume of liquidation work decreased, they were dismissed by the bankrupt company sequentially, in part each month, and when the bankruptcy was declared on March 13, 1999, the remaining employees were also all treated as retired from the bankrupt company; and the Plaintiffs received retirement allowances due to their retirement as of July 27, 1998. Based on these findings, the court below determined that the continuous employment relationship between the Plaintiffs and the bankrupt company was severed by the retirement as of July 28, 1998. Examining this in light of the record and the legal principles set forth above, this measure of the court below is justified, and there is no illegality, such as a violation of the rules of evidence affecting the judgment or misapprehension of legal principles, as argued in the grounds of appeal.

5. Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the losing party, as set forth in the Order.

Justices Seo Seong (Presiding Justice), Lee Yong-woo, Park Jae-yoon (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

[1] 단체협약은 노동조합이 사용자 또는 사용자 단체와 근로조건 기타 노사관계에서 발생하는 사항에 관하여 체결하는 협정으로서, 협약자치의 원칙상 노동조합은 사용자와 사이에 근로조건을 유리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약뿐만 아니라 근로조건을 불리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약을 체결할 수 있으므로, 근로조건을 불리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약이 현저히 합리성을 결하여 노동조합의 목적을 벗어난 것으로 볼 수 있는 경우와 같은 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그러한 노사간의 합의를 무효라고 볼 수는 없고, 노동조합으로서는 그러한 합의를 위하여 사전에 근로자들로부터 개별적인 동의나 수권을 받을 필요가 없는 것이다.

[2] 노동조합의 대표자 또는 수임자가 단체교섭의 결과에 따라 사용자와 단체협약의 내용을 합의한 후 다시 협약안의 가부에 관하여 조합원총회의 의결을 거쳐야 한다는 것은 대표자의 단체협약체결권한을 전면적·포괄적으로 제한함으로써 사실상 단체협약체결권한을 형해화하여 명목에 불과한 것으로 만드는 것이어서 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제29조 제1항의 취지에 위반된다.

[3] 사업의 폐지를 위하여 해산한 회사가 그 청산 과정에서 근로자를 정당하게 해고한 경우 그로써 사용자인 회사와 근로자와의 근로관계는 일단 종료되는 것이고, 청산 중의 회사가 청산업무 등을 수행하게 하기 위하여 해고된 일부 근로자를 다시 채용하였다고 하더라도 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로관계는 그 때부터 새로이 성립되는 것이므로, 다시 채용된 이후의 퇴직금은 다시 채용된 날부터 기산하여 산정하여야 한다.

【참조조문】

[1] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제29조

[2] 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제29조 제1항

[3] 근로기준법 제34조

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 1999. 11. 23. 선고 99다7572 판결, 대법원 2000. 9. 29. 선고 99다67536 판결(공2000하, 2195), 대법원 2002. 4. 12. 선고 2001다41384 판결(공2002상, 1104) / [2] 대법원 1993. 4. 27. 선고 91누12257 전원합의체 판결(공1993하, 1579), 대법원 1993. 5. 11. 선고 91누10787 판결(공1993하, 1716), 대법원 2002. 6. 28. 선고 2001다77970 판결(공2002하, 1806) / [3] 대법원 1995. 10. 12. 선고 94다52768 판결(공1995하, 3728)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 4,707자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 1 외 45인 (소송대리인 변호사 이영수)

【피고, 피상고인】 파산자 한국산업증권 주식회사의 파산관재인 피고 (소송대리인 변호사 김숙)

【원심판결】 서울고법 2001. 5. 9. 선고 2000나51416 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다. 상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】1. 단체협약은 노동조합이 사용자 또는 사용자 단체와 근로조건 기타 노사관계에서 발생하는 사항에 관하여 체결하는 협정으로서, 협약자치의 원칙상 노동조합은 사용자와 사이에 근로조건을 유리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약뿐만 아니라 근로조건을 불리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약을 체결할 수 있으므로, 근로조건을 불리하게 변경하는 내용의 단체협약이 현저히 합리성을 결하여 노동조합의 목적을 벗어난 것으로 볼 수 있는 경우와 같은 특별한 사정이 없는 한 그러한 노사간의 합의를 무효라고 볼 수는 없고, 노동조합으로서는 그러한 합의를 위하여 사전에 근로자들로부터 개별적인 동의나 수권을 받을 필요가 없는 것이다(대법원 1999. 11. 23. 선고 99다7572 판결, 2000. 9. 29. 선고 99다67536 판결 등 참조).

원심은 그 채용한 증거들에 의하여, 파산회사는 1991. 4. 25. 한국산업은행의 전액출자로 설립된 회사인데, 1995. 이래 계속된 증권시장의 침체와 1997. 이후 국내 금융시장의 위기 및 대기업의 연쇄부도로 인하여 적자가 계속 누적되어 가는 등 경영이 악화되자, 그 단독주주인 한국산업은행은 파산회사에게 경영개선 방안을 마련할 것을 지시하였고, 이에 따라 파산회사는 회사의 경영정상화 조기정착을 위하여 '경영혁신 및 구조조정 추진계획'을 마련하였으며, 이에 대하여 한국산업은행은 파산회사에 대한 추가출자 등 지원을 약속한 사실, 파산회사는 1997. 12. 말경 한국산업은행에 대하여 증자를 위한 자금출연을 요청하였으나 위 은행은 먼저 파산회사 자체 내에서 실시할 수 있는 것을 우선적으로 실시하라는 지시를 하였고, 이에 파산회사는 1998. 1. 9. 증자를 제외한 구체적인 실행방안으로서 '1998년도 보수제도 운용방안, 직군제 운영방안, 인력구조위원회 운영방안, 특별퇴직금 지급조건' 등 시행안(이하 '시행안'이라 한다)을 작성하여 파산회사 대표이사와 노동조합 위원장인 유영철이 그 실시를 합의한 뒤 각 서명·날인한 사실, 위 시행안의 내용을 살펴보면, 1998년도 보수제도 운용방안으로서 "1998년도 급여체계는 연봉제로 운영하고, 직원들 보수수준은 1998년도 기본급의 10%를 반납한 수준에서 정한다.", 직군제 운영방안으로서, "회사의 인사조직을 업무영역별로 7개 직군으로 구분하여 직원들을 위 직군 중 어느 한 직군에 배치시키고 직원들을 자기가 소속된 직군의 업무분야에 있어서 전문가로 육성시켜 인사조직의 생산성 향상을 도모한다.", 인력구조개선위원회 운영방안으로서, "회사 내에 인력구조개선위원회를 설치하여 직원들의 적성과 능력을 심사하고 심사결과에 따라 직군배치 결정 및 감축대상인력을 선정, 감축대상인력은 직군배치를 하지 않고 퇴직을 권유하며 이에 불응할시 정리해고를 실시한다.", 특별퇴직금 지급조건으로서, '직군배치를 받지 못하고 회사의 권유에 따라 특별 퇴직하는 자들에 대하여 지급할 퇴직금의 지급조건'을 정하는 것 등을 주요 내용으로 하고 있는 사실, 이에 파산회사는 직원들에 대하여 종전 1997년도 회계연도(1997. 4. 1.부터 1998. 3. 31.까지)에는 1997. 8. 29. 개정된 보수규정에 따른 급여를 지급하여 오다가 1998년도 회계연도가 시작하는 1998. 4. 1.부터는 위 보수제도 운용방안에 따라 감액된 급여를 지급하기 시작하였는데, 한편 파산회사는 그 전인 1997. 6. 20. 노동조합과 사이에 '임금에 대한 보충협약'을 체결하여 1997년도 임금인상에 대하여 "1997년도 임금은 기본급을 기준으로 4.5% 인상하되 1997년도 회계연도에는 경영상의 어려움을 감안하여 이를 동결하기로 하고, 인상분은 1997년도 회계연도의 인건비 및 경비절감액 범위 내에서 1998. 4. 1.부터 적용하기로 한다."고 합의한 바 있었으므로, 위 보수제도 운용방안에 의하여 1998. 4. 1.부터 감액된 임금은 1997년도 기본급이 같은 날부터 4.5% 인상되는 것을 전제로 하여 계산된 1998년도 임금의 10%에 해당하는 금액이었던 사실 등을 인정한 다음, 이에 기하여 위 1998. 1. 9. 자 보수제도 운용방안은 파산회사와 노동조합 사이에 체결된 단체협약으로서, 조합원인 원고들이 이에 대하여 개별적으로 동의를 하였는지 여부를 불문하고 그 효력이 미친다고 판단한 다음, 위 합의가 기존의 단체협약 및 보수규정에 반하여 무효라는 원고들의 주장을 배척하였다. 기록과 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면 이러한 원심의 사실인정과 판단은 모두 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 채증법칙 위배나 법리오해 등의 위법이 없으며, 원고들이 내세우는 대법원판결은 사안을 달리하여 이 사건에 원용하기에 적절한 것이 아니다.

2. 노동조합의 대표자 또는 수임자가 단체교섭의 결과에 따라 사용자와 단체협약의 내용을 합의한 후 다시 협약안의 가부에 관하여 조합원총회의 의결을 거쳐야 한다는 것은 대표자의 단체협약체결권한을 전면적·포괄적으로 제한함으로써 사실상 단체협약체결권한을 형해화하여 명목에 불과한 것으로 만드는 것이어서 노동조합및노동관계조정법 제29조 제1항의 취지에 위반된다(대법원 1993. 4. 27. 선고 91누12257 전원합의체 판결, 1993. 5. 11. 선고 91누10787 판결, 2002. 6. 28. 선고 2001다77970 판결 등 참조).

원심은, 노동조합 위원장인 유영철이 단체교섭의 결과에 따라 파산회사와 사이에 단체협약인 위 보수제도 운용방안을 합의한 후 노동조합 총회나 대의원대회의 결의 또는 인준을 거치지 않았다 하더라도 위 단체협약을 무효로 볼 수 없다고 판단하면서, 위 단체협약이 신의칙에 위배되거나 권한남용에 해당한다는 원고들의 주장을 배척하였는바, 이를 기록과 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면 정당한 것으로 수긍이 가고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 법리오해 등의 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

3. 원심은, 파산회사가 1998. 7. 25. 임시주주총회를 열어 해산 결의를 하면서 "해산결의로 인하여 해고된 직원에 대한 퇴직위로금 지급기준을 제반 여건을 감안하여 1998. 6. 29. 자 5개 퇴출은행 수준으로 지급하도록 한다."고 결의하고, 이에 따라 같은 날 파산회사와 노조위원장 유영철 사이에 "파산회사는 퇴직위로금을 향후 지급이 예상되는 퇴출은행 지급조건과 동일한 수준으로 지급하기로 한다."고 합의한 바 있으므로, 파산회사는 원고들에게 반납 임금을 환급할 의무가 있다는 원고들의 주장에 대하여 판시의 사실관계 및 위 문언의 내용에 비추어 볼 때, 그것은 퇴직위로금의 지급기준을 정함에 있어서 퇴출은행의 경우를 참고하여 해고수당의 명목으로 이를 지급하기로 한 것일 뿐, 위 보수제도 운용방안에 따라 감액 지급된 보수를 원고들에게 환급하기로 한 것이 아니라는 이유로, 위 주장을 배척하였다.

기록에 비추어 살펴보면 원심의 판단은 정당하고, 위와 같은 원심의 판단에는 1998. 7. 25. 자 노사간의 합의에 관한 원고들의 주장을 배척하는 취지가 포함되어 있음이 분명하므로, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같은 심리미진이나 판단유탈의 위법이 없으며, 원고들에게 지급할 해고수당 등을 산정함에 있어서 감액 이전의 임금을 기준으로 삼아야 한다는 원고들의 주장을 배척한 원심의 조치도 역시 정당하므로, 이 점에 관한 상고이유의 주장도 받아들일 수 없다.

4. 사업의 폐지를 위하여 해산한 회사가 그 청산 과정에서 근로자를 정당하게 해고한 경우 그로써 사용자인 회사와 근로자와의 근로관계는 일단 종료되는 것이고, 청산 중의 회사가 청산업무 등을 수행하게 하기 위하여 해고된 일부 근로자를 다시 채용하였다고 하더라도 특별한 사정이 없는 한 근로관계는 그 때부터 새로이 성립되는 것이므로, 다시 채용된 이후의 퇴직금은 다시 채용된 날부터 기산하여 산정하여야 한다(대법원 1995. 10. 12. 선고 94다52768 판결 등 참조).

원심은 그 채용한 증거들에 의하여, 파산회사는 1998. 7. 25. 임시주주총회에서 파산회사의 해산을 결의하고 같은 달 27.부터 일체의 영업을 중지하고 투자자보호를 위한 업무와 청산절차 추진에 필요한 업무만 수행키로 한 사실, 이에 따라 파산회사는 당시 재직 중이던 395명의 전직원들에게 1998. 7. 27. 자로 고용관계가 종료됨을 통지하면서, 선별한 일부 직원들 100여 명에 대하여는 청산업무를 수행할 것을 구두로 통지하였고, 위와 같은 통지를 받은 직원들은 이후 파산회사에 남아 계약직으로 근무를 계속하며 회사의 청산업무를 수행하였는데, 시간이 경과하면서 청산업무가 감소함에 따라 파산회사로부터 매월 순차로 일부씩 해고되어 오다가 1999. 3. 13. 파산선고가 있게 되자 나머지 직원들마저 파산회사에서 모두 퇴직 처리된 사실, 원고들은 1998. 7. 27. 자 퇴직으로 인한 퇴직금을 수령한 사실을 인정한 다음, 원고들과 파산회사 사이의 계속근로관계는 1998. 7. 28. 자 퇴직으로 단절되었다고 판단하였는바, 기록과 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 보면 이러한 원심의 조치는 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같이 판결에 영향을 미친 채증법칙 위반이나 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

5. 그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 서성(재판장) 이용우 박재윤(주심)

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
90누9049 · 대법원 1992-02-25
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Labor Practice Reme
#2
2011두15404 · 대법원 2013-09-27
Case on Revocation of Corrective Order Regarding Labor Union
#3
91누12257 · 대법원 1993-04-27
Revocation of Order to Amend Collective Agreement
#4
91누8364 · 대법원 1992-04-14
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
#5
72누122 · 대법원 1973-06-26
부당노동행위재심사청구기각명령처분취소

Cases citing this decision

2007다18584 · 대법원 2007-12-14
Wages
2003다27429 · 대법원 2005-03-11
Severance Pay (퇴직금) Case
2002두9063 · 대법원 2002-12-27
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)