Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 91누5433

Revocation of Decision Denying Survivor's Compensation Benefits (유족보상금지급청구부결처분취소)유족보상금지급청구부결처분취소

Decided1991. 09. 10. Court대법원Case remanded (worker's family granted a new chance to prove occupational injury)
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This ruling held that accumulated fatigue from a rotating shift schedule (alternating between night and day shifts) can be recognized as an occupational injury/illness (업무상 재해) if it possibly triggered a sudden cardiac death. The Supreme Court found that the lower court failed to adequately examine whether the deceased worker's specific health condition, combined with the demands of shift work, established the necessary causal link between the job and the death. The case was remanded for further review of these factors.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA worker on a rotating day/night shift schedule died suddenly of a cardiac event, and the family's claim for survivor's compensation (유족보상금) was denied by the authority.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court reversed and remanded, ruling that the lower court did not properly examine whether the worker's individual health condition and the fatigue from shift work could establish occupational causation.
  • LessonIn assessing occupational injury claims, courts and employers must evaluate the specific health condition of the individual worker—not a generic 'average person' standard—and consider whether cumulative fatigue from shift schedules could be a contributing cause of death.
Issues
  • Standard for determining work-performance status (업무수행성) and work-relatedness (업무기인성) in occupational injury cases
  • Causal relationship between fatigue accumulated from rotating shift work and sudden cardiac death
Key reasoning

When determining work-relatedness (업무기인성) of a death or injury, courts must assess the matter based on the specific health condition and physical constitution of the individual worker involved—not on the standard of an average, ordinary person. Additionally, work-performance status (업무수행성) does not require that the worker be actively engaged in physical labor at the exact moment of the incident; it can still be recognized under broader circumstances connected to work duties. Given that the worker was subject to a shift pattern alternating between night and day work, the accumulated fatigue from this schedule could plausibly serve as the underlying cause of overexertion leading to the acute cardiac event. The lower court's failure to sufficiently investigate the worker's actual health status and the effects of the shift-work pattern was deemed an error requiring reversal.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

a. The requirement of "performance of duties" (업무수행성), which is an element of occupational accident, is not necessarily recognized only during the period in which the worker is actually engaged in the performance of duties, but may also be recognized during rest periods at the workplace, whether during working hours or before and after such hours. Furthermore, in determining "causation arising from duties" (업무기인성), the existence of a substantial causal relationship between the duties and the death must be judged not on the basis of an ordinary average person, but on the basis of the health and physical condition of the worker in question.

b. Even if the deceased was not actually engaged in work at the time of death, and even if the duties in charge of the deceased were not relatively strenuous, and even if the working hours around the time of death were not excessive for an ordinary average person, if the fatigue accumulated from the pattern of work in which the deceased worked overtime for 3 hours each day for 8 days after returning from a summer vacation, then worked day shifts of 8 hours each day for the following 2 weeks, and thereafter worked night shifts of 8 hours each day for 1 week until the time of death—such a work pattern involving a reversal of day and night shifts—could, in light of the deceased's health and physical condition, constitute a cause of overwork, then, unless there is some other cause of overwork recognized apart from the work itself, there is room to view the deceased's cause of death, acute cardiac death, as attributable to overwork resulting from the above work pattern.

Full text (English, AI translation) 7,761 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellant] Plaintiff, Counsel Lee Sang-su and 2 others
[Defendant, Appellee] Head of Anyang Regional Labor Office
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Decision 90Gu6424 dated May 16, 1991

[Order]

The judgment below is reversed and the case is remanded to the Seoul High Court.

[Reasoning]

The court examines the grounds of appeal raised by the Plaintiff's counsel.

1. According to the reasoning of the judgment below, the court below found as follows, and there is no dispute between the parties on this point: the deceased, Nonparty 1, joined Nonparty Nongshim Co., Ltd. (hereinafter "the Nonparty Company") on November 8, 1970, and worked as a technical employee in the Facilities Management Department of the Nonparty Company's factory located at (address omitted), Gunpo City, and died while sleeping in the Facilities Management Department office of the said factory at around 04:00 on August 27, 1989. According to the evidence presented, the Facilities Management Department of the Nonparty Company had an Automatic Machinery Maintenance Team and a Machinery Maintenance Team; the Machinery Maintenance Team was divided into A, B, and C shifts and a daytime resident staff, with each shift consisting of 8 members, and the three shifts rotated on a weekly basis working three-shift schedules of 06:00 to 14:00, 14:00 to 22:00, and 22:00 to 06:00 the following day; the deceased belonged to Shift C of the Machinery Maintenance Team. The work of the Machinery Maintenance Team was the maintenance and repair of the factory's machinery excluding automatic machines, mainly the maintenance of bearings and conveyors, and the work content consisted of relatively small and simple part replacements and repairs that were not particularly strenuous, with installation or repair of larger machinery outsourced to external contractors, such that the work could be sufficiently handled by the personnel of a single shift. The deceased took his summer vacation from July 24 to July 27, 1989, and from the following day until August 5 of the same year worked day and night shifts, during which he worked overtime of 3 hours each day for 8 days. Thereafter, from August 7 to August 19, he worked day shifts of 8 hours each day, and from August 21 he worked night shifts of 8 hours each day. The deceased's average daily working hours from July 1 to August 26, 1989 were only about 5 hours; on the day of his death, he performed no work at all, but waited in the office, had a snack from around 00:00 to around 01:00, and then went to sleep together with other employees from around 02:00, during which time he died as noted above. The cause of the deceased's death was acute cardiac death, which is a category of natural sudden death, and overwork can be one of the factors inducing it; Nonparty 2, a physician at the National Institute of Scientific Investigation who performed the autopsy on the deceased's body, referred to the attendance records and working conditions presented by the police and determined that the cause of death was induced by overwork, and there is no other evidence to rebut this. Based on these findings, the court below determined as follows: even if the cause of the deceased's death may be regarded as acute cardiac death induced by overwork, given that the work performed by the deceased consisted of relatively small and simple part replacements and repairs that were not very strenuous, that his working hours around the time of his death averaged only about 5 hours per day, that in particular he performed no work at all on the day of his death, and that about 20 days before his death he had merely worked overtime of 3 hours each day for 8 days, although the alternating day and night shift pattern may be considered to have somewhat disrupted his normal life rhythm to some extent, it is difficult to conclude that the deceased's work was excessive or that he was in a state of overwork due to it. Therefore, the court below determined that these findings alone were insufficient to establish a substantial causal relationship between the deceased's death and his work, and that there was no other evidence to establish such a relationship; accordingly, the court below found that the disposition in this case, which determined that the deceased's death did not constitute a death under the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act (산업재해보상보험법), was lawful.

2. However, the requirement of "performance of duties" as an element of an occupational accident need not be recognized only during the time when the worker is actually engaged in performing his duties; it may also be recognized during rest periods at the workplace, whether during working hours or before or after them. Furthermore, in determining occupational causation, the existence of a substantial causal relationship between the work and the death should be judged not on the basis of an ordinary average person, but on the basis of the health and physical condition of the worker in question.

According to the description in Exhibit A No. 6 (Expert Opinion) adopted by the court below, it is recognized that Nonparty 2, a physician at the National Institute of Scientific Investigation who performed the autopsy on the body of the deceased Nonparty 1, determined that the cause of the deceased's death was acute cardiac death, and that while the inducing causes thereof could include physical exertion, mental excitement, and other factors, in the case of the deceased, referring to the attendance records and working conditions presented by the police, he assessed that it was induced by overwork. The purport of this expert opinion suggests that the deceased's work pattern could be a cause of the overwork that induced the acute cardiac death.

If so, even granting, as found by the court below, that the deceased was not actually engaged in work at the time of his death, that the work assigned to the deceased was not relatively strenuous, and that the working hours around the time of his death, averaging about 5 hours per day, would not constitute excessive work for an ordinary average person, if the fatigue accumulated from the alternating day-and-night work pattern—whereby, as found by the court below, the deceased worked overtime of 3 hours each day for 8 days after returning from his summer vacation, then worked day shifts of 8 hours each day for the following two weeks, and thereafter worked night shifts of 8 hours each day for one week until his death—could be a cause of overwork in light of the deceased's health and physical condition, then, unless there is evidence of some other cause of overwork apart from his work, there is room to view that the deceased's cause of death, acute cardiac death, resulted from overwork arising from the aforementioned work pattern.

Therefore, the court below should have conducted a more thorough examination as to whether there existed any other cause of overwork apart from the deceased's work, and as to whether the deceased's work pattern leading up to his death, as noted above, could constitute a cause of overwork as indicated in Exhibit A No. 6, in light of the deceased's health and physical condition, and only then should it have determined whether occupational causation existed.

In this respect, the judgment below is unlawful in that it fails to sufficiently examine the matter, which affected the judgment, and the argument pointing out this error is well-founded.

3. Therefore, the judgment below is reversed and the case is remanded, and this judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Bae Man-woon (Presiding Justice), Lee Hoi-chang, Lee Jae-sung, Kim Seok-su

【판결요지】

가. 업무상 재해의 요건인 업무수행성은 반드시 근로자가 현실적으로 업무수행에 종사하는 동안만 인정할 수 있는 것이 아니라 사업장에서 업무시간 중 또는 그 전후에 휴식하는 동안에도 인정할 수 있는 것이고 또 업무기인성을 판단함에 있어서 업무와 사망 사이의 상당인과관계 유무는 보통평균인이 아니라 당해 근로자의 건강과 신체조건을 기준으로 하여 판단하여야 할 것이다.

나. 망인이 사망 당시 현실적으로 작업에 종사중이 아니었고 또 망인이 담당한 업무가 비교적 힘든 일이 아닐 뿐 아니라 사망할 무렵의 작업시간도 보통평균인에게는 과중한 업무가 아니었다고 하더라도, 망인이 하기휴가를 갔다온 후 8일간을 매일 3시간씩 연장근무를 한데다가 그 후 2주일간은 매일 8시간씩 주간근무를 하고 그 후부터 사망시까지 1주일간은 매일 8시간씩 야간근무를 함으로써 이와 같이 주야간이 뒤바뀌는 근무형태로 축적된 피로가 망인의 건강과 신체조건으로 보아 과로원인이 될 수 있다면, 망인에게 근무 외에 과로원인이 될 만한 다른 사유가 인정되지 않는 한 망인의 사인인 급성심장사는 위와 같은 근무 형태로부터 온 과로에 기인한 것이라고 볼 여지가 있다.

【참조조문】

산업재해보상보험법 제3조 제1항

【참조판례】

나. 대법원 1989.10.24. 선고 89누1186 판결(공1989,1805), 1990.2.13. 선고 89누6990 판결(공1990,671)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,876자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】 원고 소송대리인 변호사 이상수 외 2인

【피고, 피상고인】 안양지방노동사무소장

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1991.5.16. 선고 90구6424 판결

【주 문】

원심판결을 파기하고 사건을 서울고등법원에 환송한다.

【이 유】 원고소송대리인들의 상고이유를 본다.

1. 원심판결 이유에 의하면 원심은 소외 1이 1970.11.8. 소외 주식회사 농심(소외회사라 한다)에 입사하여 군포시 (주소 생략) 소재 소외회사 공장의 공무과 소속 기능직사원으로 근무하던 중 1989.8.27. 04:00경 위 공장 공무과 사무실에서 잠자다가 사망한 사실은 당사자 사이에 다툼이 없고, 그 거시증거에 의하면 소외회사 공무과에는 자동기계정비반과 기계정비반이 있고 기계정비반은 에이(A), 비(B), 씨(C)조 및 주간 상주근무자로 나누어 1조의 인원은 8명이고 위 3개조가 1일을 06:00부터 14:00까지, 14:00부터 22:00까지, 22:00부터 다음날 06:00까지로 나누어 1주일 단위로 근무시간을 바꾸어 가며 3교대 근무를 하게 되는데 위 망인은 기계정비반 씨조에 속해 있었던 사실, 위 기계정비반의 업무는 소외회사 공장기계 중 자동기계를 제외한 기계의 정비수리로서 주로 베어링과 콤베어 정비작업이고 그 작업내용도 비교적 작고 간단한 부품교체, 수리 등으로 그리 힘들지 않았고 큰 기계의 설치나 수리는 외부에 용역을 주고 있어서 1개조의 인원만으로도 그 업무를 충분히 수행할 수 있었던 사실, 위 망인도 1989.7.24.부터 같은 달 27.까지 하기휴가를 보내고 그 다음날부터 같은 해 8.5.까지 주간 및 야간근무를 하면서 그 중 8일간을 매일 3시간씩 연장근무를 한 사실, 그 뒤 같은 달 7.부터 같은 달 19.까지는 매일 8시간씩 주간근무를 하고 같은 달 21.부터 매일 8시간씩 야간근무를 한 사실, 위 망인의 1989.7.1.부터 같은 해 8.26.까지 1일 평균 작업시간은 약 5시간 정도에 불과하였고, 사망당일에는 아무런 작업도 하지 아니한 채 위 사무실에서 대기하다가 00:00경부터 01:00경까지 간식을 한 뒤 02:00경부터 다른 사원들과 함께 잠을 자다가 앞서본 바와 같이 사망한 사실, 위 망인의 사인은 자연적 급사에 속하는 급성심장사이고 과로도 이를 유발하는 한 요인이 되는데 위 망인의 사체를 부검한 국립과학수사연구소 의사 소외 2는 경찰에서 제시된 출근부 및 근무여건을 참조하여 위 망인의 사인을 과로로 인하여 유발된 것으로 본 사실을 인정할 수 있고 달리 반증이 없다고 한 후, 위 인정사실에 의하면 위 망인의 사인을 과로로 유발된 급성심장사로 볼 수 있다 하더라도 위 망인이 담당한 업무가 비교적 작고 간단한 부품의 교체, 수리 등으로 그리 힘들지 않았고 사망할 무렵의 작업시간이 1일평균 5시간여에 지나지 않았으며, 특히 사망당일에는 아무런 작업도 하지 않았을 뿐더러 사망하기 20일 전쯤 8일간 3시간씩 연장근무를 하였음에 불과하여 주ㆍ야간근무를 바꾸어 반복하는 관계로 일상생활감각이 다소 저해된다고 보여지기는 하나 위 망인의 업무가 과중하였다거나 그로 인하여 과로상태에 있었다고 보기 어려워 위 인정사실만으로는 위 망인의 사망이 업무와 상당인과관계가 있다고 보기에는 부족하고 달리 이를 인정할 증거도 없으므로 위 망인의 사망이 위 근로기준법 및 산업재해보상보험법상의 사망이 아니라고 보고서 한 이 사건 처분은 적법하다고 판단하였다.

2. 그러나 업무상 재해의 요건인 업무수행성은 반드시 근로자가 현실적으로 업무수행에 종사하는 동안만 인정할 수 있는 것이 아니라 사업장에서 업무시간 중 또는 그 전후에 휴식하는 동안에도 인정할 수 있는 것이고 또 업무기인성을 판단함에 있어서 업무와 사망 사이의 상당인과관계 유무는 보통평균인이 아니라 당해근로자의 건강과 신체조건을 기준으로 하여 판단하여야 할 것이다.

원심이 채용한 갑 제6호증(감정서) 기재에 의하면 망 소외 1의 사체를 부검한 국립과학수사연구소 의사 소외 2는 위 망인의 사인은 급성심장사이고 그 유발원인은 육체적 격동, 정신적 흥분, 기타 등을 예거할 수 있으나 위 망인의 경우 경찰에서 제시한 출근부와 근무여건 등을 참조하여 과로로 인하여 유발된 것으로 감정한 사실이 인정되는바, 위 감정의 취지는 위 망인의 근무형태가 급성심장사를 유발한 과로의 원인이 될 수 있음을 시사한 것이라고 하겠다.

그렇다면 원심판시와 같이 망인이 사망 당시 현실적으로 작업에 종사중이 아니었고 또 망인이 담당한 업무가 비교적 힘든 일이 아닐 뿐 아니라 사망할 무렵의 작업시간도 1일 평균 5시간 정도에서 보통평균인에게는 과중한 업무가 아니었다고 하더라도, 원심이 인정하고 있는 바와 같이 망인이 하기휴가를 갔다온 후 8일간을 매일 3시간씩 연장근무를 한 데다가 그 후 2주일간은 매일 8시간씩 주간근무를 하고 그후부터 사망시까지 1주일간은 매일 8시간씩 야간근무를 함으로써 이와 같이 주야간이 뒤바뀌는 근무형태로 축적된 피로가 망인의 건강과 신체조건으로 보아 과로원인이 될 수 있다면, 위 망인에게 근무 외에 과로원인이 될 만한 다른 사유가 인정되지 않는 한 망인의 사인인 급성심장사는 위와 같은 근무형태로부터 온 과로에 기인한 것이라고 볼 여지가 있는 것이다.

그러므로 원심으로서는 위 망인에게 근무 외에 과로원인이 될 만한 다른 사유가 있었는지의 여부와 위에서 본 바와 같은 망인의 사망에 이르기까지의 근무형태가 망인의 건강과 신체조건으로 보아 위 갑 제6호증에서 지적한 과로원인이 될 수 있는지의 여부 등에 관하여 좀더 심리해본 연후에 업무기인성의 유무를 판단하였어야 할 것이다.

이 점에서 원심판결에는 심리미진으로 판결에 영향을 미친 위법이 있고 이 점을 지적하는 논지는 이유있다.

3. 그러므로 원심판결을 파기환송하기로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 배만운(재판장) 이회창 이재성 김석수

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Revocation of Disposition Denying Medical Care Benefits
#2
2009구단5346 · 서울행정법원 0001-01-01
Revocation of Disposition Denying Medical Care Benefits
#3
2013구단10705 · 대구지방법원 0001-01-01
Revocation of Disposition Denying Medical Care Benefits
#4
2013누30225 · 서울고등법원 0001-01-01
Revocation of Disposition Denying Medical Care Benefits
#5
2021구단70045 · 서울행정법원 0001-01-01
Revocation of Disposition Denying Medical Care Benefits

Cases citing this decision

2003두12530 · 대법원 2004-04-09
Revocation of Non-Approval of Medical Care Benefits (요양불승인처분
97누16459 · 대법원 1999-04-23
Revocation of Disposition Denying Survivor Benefits and Fune
96누18755 · 대법원 1997-03-28
Revocation of Disapproval of Re-Treatment (재요양불승인처분취소) Benef
95구12677 · 서울고법 1996-04-02
Revocation of Disposition Denying Survivors' Benefits, etc.
91누10466 · 대법원 1992-05-12
Revocation of Disapproval of Medical Care Benefits (요양불승인처분취

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