Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2011다23149

Wages, etc.임금등

Decided2011. 07. 14. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

This Supreme Court (대법원) ruling addressed whether a car sales company could substitute a salesperson's annual paid leave (연차휴가) with Saturday days off without a written agreement with the employee representative, and whether monthly sales incentives should be included in the average wage (평균임금) calculation for severance pay (퇴직금). The Court held that such substitution requires a mandatory written agreement (서면합의) with the employee representative, and since the company failed to obtain one, the substitution was invalid. The Court also ruled that the performance-based monthly incentives, being closely tied to work performance, must be included in the average wage calculation, resulting in a win for the worker.

Key takeaways
  • CaseA car sales company replaced its salespeople's annual paid leave with Saturday days off and excluded their monthly sales incentives from severance pay calculations.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled the leave substitution invalid due to the lack of a required written agreement with the employee representative, and held that the regularly paid incentives must be included in the average wage for severance pay.
  • LessonEmployers must obtain a written agreement with the employee representative before substituting annual leave with other days off, and must include regularly paid performance incentives when calculating severance pay.
Issues
  • Whether a written agreement with the employee representative is legally required to substitute annual/monthly paid leave with Saturday days off
  • Whether monthly car sales incentives (performance pay) should be included in the average wage for severance pay calculation
Key reasoning

Under Korean labor law, an employer may only substitute annual or monthly paid leave with alternative days off if there is a valid written agreement with the employee representative (근로자대표와의 서면합의); this requirement cannot be waived or satisfied informally. In this case, the company failed to secure such a written agreement before replacing annual leave with Saturday closures, rendering the substitution unlawful. Separately, the Court reasoned that wages paid regularly and directly tied to the provision of labor—such as the monthly sales incentives here—qualify as compensation for work and must be factored into the average wage used to calculate severance pay. Because the incentives were paid monthly and closely linked to the employee's job performance, they could not be excluded from the severance calculation.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] The former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법, before amendment by Act No. 6974 on September 15, 2003), Article 60, provides that "an employer may, by written agreement with the employee representative, have an employee take a day off on a specified working day in lieu of a monthly paid leave day under Article 57 or an annual paid leave day under Article 59." In light of the legislative purpose of this statutory provision, replacing annual and monthly paid leave with a Saturday off is possible only through a written agreement with the employee representative.

[2] The total amount of wages forming the basis for calculating average wages includes any and all money and valuables paid by the employer to the employee as remuneration for labor, provided that they are paid continuously and regularly to the employee and the employer is obligated to pay them under a collective agreement, rules of employment, etc., regardless of their designation. Meanwhile, in determining whether certain money or valuables were paid as remuneration for labor, it must be possible to view the occurrence of the obligation to pay such money or valuables as directly related to, or closely related to, the provision of labor. Where, absent such a relationship, the occurrence of the payment obligation is determined by the special and incidental circumstances of an individual employee, such money or valuables cannot be regarded as paid as remuneration for labor, even if the payment was made pursuant to a collective agreement, rules of employment, employment contract, or the employer's policy.

[3] In a case where the issue was whether incentives (performance-based pay) paid monthly by Company A, an automobile sales company, to its sales staff at a certain rate according to the quantity of vehicles sold, should be included in the average wage that forms the basis for calculating retirement pay, the court held as follows: the incentives had been paid according to the payment standards and payment timing set forth in the incentive payment regulations or sales promotions; the sales activities conducted by the sales staff for vehicle sales could be regarded as part of the labor provided to Company A, and thus the incentives were paid as remuneration for labor; the payment of incentives was made regularly and continuously on a monthly basis, and if the performance met the requirements such as the payment standards, Company A could not refuse to pay the incentive corresponding to that performance; and if incentives were uniformly excluded from being regarded as wages, an employee who was to receive pay solely in the form of incentives would end up providing labor without receiving any wages as remuneration for that labor, and would be entirely unable to receive retirement pay, resulting in an unreasonable outcome. In light of these and other circumstances, the court below's determination that the said incentives constituted average wages forming the basis for calculating retirement pay was upheld.

Full text (English, AI translation) 5,657 chars

[Plaintiff, Appellee] Plaintiff
[Defendant, Appellant] Central Motors Co., Ltd. (Litigation representative: Juwon Law Firm, attorney Lee Sang-cheol and 2 others)
[Lower Court Judgment] Suwon District Court, Judgment rendered on January 28, 2011, Case No. 2009Na33003

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed. The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

The grounds for appeal are examined.

1. As to the ground of appeal alleging misapprehension of the law regarding the requirements for substitution of monthly/annual paid leave
Article 60 of the former Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) (before its amendment by Act No. 6974 of September 15, 2003) provides that "an employer may, by written agreement with the employee representative, have an employee take a day off on a specific working day in lieu of a monthly paid leave day under Article 57 or an annual paid leave day under Article 59." In light of the legislative purpose of this statutory provision, it is appropriate to hold that substitution of monthly/annual paid leave with a day off on Saturday is permissible only through a written agreement with the employee representative (see Supreme Court Decision 2007Do10873, decided January 30, 2009, and others).
The lower court determined that there was no evidence that the employee representative of the Defendant company had made a written agreement regarding the substitution of monthly/annual paid leave with a day off on Saturday, and that the mere circumstance that there was no person qualified to represent the employees at the Defendant company, making a written agreement impossible, could not be deemed to satisfy the written agreement requirement for the substitution of monthly/annual paid leave.
Examining the record in light of the above legal principle, the lower court's determination as above is justifiable and may be upheld, and there is no error in the misapprehension of the law regarding the written agreement requirement for substitution of monthly/annual leave under the Labor Standards Act, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

2. As to the ground of appeal alleging misapprehension of the law regarding the calculation of average wages
The total amount of wages that forms the basis for calculating average wages includes all money and valuables paid by the employer to the employee as consideration for work, which are paid continuously and regularly to the employee, and for which the employer is under an obligation to pay pursuant to a collective agreement, employment rules, etc., regardless of their designation (see Supreme Court Decision 2000Da18127, decided May 31, 2002, and others). Meanwhile, in determining whether certain money or valuables were paid as consideration for work, it must be possible to view the occurrence of the obligation to pay such money or valuables as directly related to, or closely related to, the provision of labor. Where, without such a relation, the occurrence of the obligation to pay is left to depend on the special and incidental circumstances of an individual employee, such money or valuables cannot be deemed to have been paid as consideration for work, even if the payment thereof was made pursuant to a collective agreement, employment rules, employment contract, or the employer's policy, etc. (see Supreme Court Decision 94Da55934, decided May 12, 1995; Supreme Court Decision 2010Da77514, decided March 10, 2011, and others).
The lower court determined that the Defendant company had paid incentives (performance pay) in accordance with the payment standards and payment timing set forth in the incentive (performance pay) payment regulations or sales promotions; that since vehicle sales constitute the Defendant company's main business, the sales activities carried out by sales employees for vehicle sales may be viewed as part of the labor provided to the Defendant company, and thus the incentives (performance pay) must be regarded as paid in consideration for work; that the payment of incentives, which is made monthly on a regular and continuous basis, cannot be deemed to be an incidental or temporary payment dependent on the special and incidental circumstances of an individual employee; that if an employee achieves performance meeting the requirements such as the payment standards, the Defendant company would be unable to refuse payment of the incentive corresponding to that performance, and thus it cannot be deemed a gratuitous benefit; and that if incentives (performance pay) were uniformly excluded from being regarded as wages, an employee who is to be paid solely through incentives (performance pay) would provide labor while receiving no wages as consideration for such labor and would also be entirely unable to receive retirement allowance, which would result in an unreasonable outcome. In light of the foregoing, the lower court determined that the incentives (performance pay) at issue in this case fall within the average wage that forms the basis for calculating retirement allowance.
Examining the record in light of the legal principle set forth above, the lower court's determination as above is justifiable and may be upheld, and there is no error in the misapprehension of the law regarding the calculation of average wages under the Labor Standards Act, as alleged in the grounds of appeal.

3. Conclusion
Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of litigation are to be borne by the losing party. This Judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justices Min Il-young (Presiding Justice), Kim Neung-hwan (Justice in charge), An Dae-hee, Lee In-bok

【판결요지】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2003. 9. 15. 법률 제6974호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제60조는 "사용자는 근로자대표와의 서면합의에 의하여 제57조의 규정에 의한 월차유급휴가일 또는 제59조의 규정에 의한 연차유급휴가일에 갈음하여 특정 근로일에 근로자를 휴무시킬 수 있다."고 규정하고 있는데, 위 법률 규정의 입법 취지에 비추어 볼 때 연월차유급휴가를 토요일 휴무로 대체하기 위해서는 반드시 근로자대표의 서면합의를 통해서만 가능하다.

[2] 평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 그에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있으면 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함된다. 한편 어떤 금품이 근로의 대상으로 지급된 것인지를 판단할 때에는 금품지급의무의 발생이 근로제공과 직접적으로 관련되거나 그것과 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 볼 수 있어야 하고, 이러한 관련 없이 지급의무의 발생이 개별 근로자의 특수하고 우연한 사정에 의하여 좌우되는 경우에는 금품의 지급이 단체협약·취업규칙·근로계약 등이나 사용자의 방침 등에 의하여 이루어진 것이라 하더라도 그러한 금품은 근로의 대상으로 지급된 것으로 볼 수 없다.

[3] 甲 자동차 판매회사가 영업사원들에게 매월 자동차 판매수량에 따른 일정 비율의 인센티브(성과급)를 지급한 것이 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 포함되는지가 문제된 사안에서, 인센티브 지급규정이나 영업 프로모션 등으로 정한 지급기준과 지급시기에 따라 인센티브를 지급하여 왔고, 영업사원들이 차량판매를 위하여 하는 영업활동은 甲 회사에 대하여 제공하는 근로의 일부라 볼 수 있어 인센티브는 근로의 대가로 지급되는 것이며, 인센티브의 지급이 매월 정기적·계속적으로 이루어지고, 지급기준 등 요건에 맞는 실적을 달성하였다면 甲 회사로서는 그 실적에 따른 인센티브의 지급을 거절할 수 없을 것이며, 인센티브를 일률적으로 임금으로 보지 않을 경우 인센티브만으로 급여를 지급받기로 한 근로자는 근로를 제공하되 근로의 대상으로서의 임금은 없는 것이 되고 퇴직금도 전혀 받을 수 없게 되는 불합리한 결과가 초래될 것인 점 등에 비추어 위 인센티브는 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 해당한다고 본 원심판단을 수긍한 사례.

【참조조문】

[1] 구 근로기준법(2003. 9. 15. 법률 제6974호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제57조(현행 삭제), 제59조(현행 제59조 참조), 제60조(현행 제62조 참조)

[2] 구 근로기준법(2003. 9. 15. 법률 제6974호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제19조(현행 제2조 제6호 참조)

[3] 구 근로기준법(2003. 9. 15. 법률 제6974호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제19조(현행 제2조 제6호 참조)

【참조판례】

[1] 대법원 2009. 1. 30. 선고 2007도10873 판결 / [2] 대법원 1995. 5. 12. 선고 94다55934 판결(공1995상, 2111), 대법원 2002. 5. 31. 선고 2000다18127 판결(공2002하, 1517), 대법원 2011. 3. 10. 선고 2010다77514 판결

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,184자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고

【피고, 상고인】 센트럴모터스 주식회사 (소송대리인 법무법인 주원 담당변호사 이상철 외 2인)

【원심판결】 수원지법 2011. 1. 28. 선고 2009나33003 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다. 상고비용은 피고가 부담한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 연월차휴가의 대체요건에 관한 법리오해의 상고이유에 대하여

구 근로기준법(2003. 9. 15. 법률 제6974호로 개정되기 전의 것) 제60조는 "사용자는 근로자대표와의 서면합의에 의하여 제57조의 규정에 의한 월차유급휴가일 또는 제59조의 규정에 의한 연차유급휴가일에 갈음하여 특정 근로일에 근로자를 휴무시킬 수 있다."고 규정하고 있는바, 위 법률 규정의 입법 취지에 비추어 볼 때 연월차유급휴가를 토요일 휴무로 대체하기 위해서는 반드시 근로자대표의 서면합의를 통해서만 가능하다고 함이 상당하다(대법원 2009. 1. 30. 선고 2007도10873 판결 등 참조).

원심은, 피고 회사의 근로자대표가 연월차유급휴가를 토요일 휴무로 대체하는 것에 대하여 서면합의를 하였다고 볼 증거가 없고, 피고 회사에 근로자를 대표하는 자격이 있는 자가 존재하지 아니하여 서면합의를 할 수 없었다는 사정만으로는 연월차유급휴가 대체의 서면합의 요건을 충족하였다고 할 수 없다고 판단하였다.

위 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 상고이유로 주장하는 바와 같은 근로기준법상 연월차휴가의 대체요건인 서면합의에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

2. 평균임금 산정에 관한 법리오해의 상고이유에 대하여

평균임금 산정의 기초가 되는 임금총액에는 사용자가 근로의 대상으로 근로자에게 지급하는 일체의 금품으로서, 근로자에게 계속적·정기적으로 지급되고 그 지급에 관하여 단체협약, 취업규칙 등에 의하여 사용자에게 지급의무가 지워져 있으면 그 명칭 여하를 불문하고 모두 포함된다(대법원 2002. 5. 31. 선고 2000다18127 판결 등 참조). 한편 어떤 금품이 근로의 대상으로 지급된 것인지를 판단함에 있어서는 그 금품지급의무의 발생이 근로제공과 직접적으로 관련되거나 그것과 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 볼 수 있어야 하고, 이러한 관련 없이 그 지급의무의 발생이 개별 근로자의 특수하고 우연한 사정에 의하여 좌우되는 경우에는 그 금품의 지급이 단체협약·취업규칙·근로계약 등이나 사용자의 방침 등에 의하여 이루어진 것이라 하더라도 그러한 금품은 근로의 대상으로 지급된 것으로 볼 수 없다(대법원 1995. 5. 12. 선고 94다55934 판결, 대법원 2011. 3. 10. 선고 2010다77514 판결 등 참조).

원심은, 피고 회사가 인센티브(성과급) 지급규정이나 영업 프로모션 등으로 정한 지급기준과 지급시기에 따라 인센티브(성과급)를 지급하여 왔고, 차량판매는 피고 회사의 주업으로서 영업사원들이 차량판매를 위하여 하는 영업활동은 피고 회사에 대하여 제공하는 근로의 일부라 볼 수 있어 인센티브(성과급)는 근로의 대가로 지급되는 것이라고 보아야 하며, 매월 정기적, 계속적으로 이루어지는 인센티브의 지급이 개인근로자의 특수하고 우연한 사정에 의하여 좌우되는 우발적, 일시적 급여라고 할 수 없고, 지급기준 등의 요건에 맞는 실적을 달성하였다면 피고 회사로서는 그 실적에 따른 인센티브의 지급을 거절할 수 없을 것이므로 이를 은혜적인 급부라고 할 수도 없으며, 인센티브(성과급)를 일률적으로 임금으로 보지 않을 경우 인센티브(성과급)만으로 급여를 지급받기로 한 근로자는 근로를 제공하되 근로의 대상으로서의 임금은 없는 것이 되고 퇴직금도 전혀 받을 수 없게 되는 불합리한 결과가 초래될 것인 점 등에 비추어 보면, 이 사건 인센티브(성과급)는 퇴직금 산정의 기초가 되는 평균임금에 해당한다고 판단하였다.

앞서 본 법리와 기록에 비추어 살펴보면, 원심의 위와 같은 판단은 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 상고이유로 주장하는 바와 같은 근로기준법상 평균임금 산정에 관한 법리오해 등의 위법이 없다.

3. 결론

그러므로 상고를 기각하기로 하고, 소송비용은 패소자가 부담하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 민일영(재판장) 김능환(주심) 안대희 이인복

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2017다230079 · 대법원 2019-09-09
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Wages, etc. (Case concerning whether welfare points under a

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Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)