Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 91다30835

Severance Pay (퇴직금) Dispute퇴직금

Decided1992. 06. 23. Court대법원Worker won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

Korea Petroleum Development Corporation, a government-invested institution, unilaterally amended its severance pay regulations (퇴직급여규정) to the disadvantage of its employees. The Supreme Court ruled that the Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions (정부투자기관관리기본법) is not a special law overriding the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), meaning that any unfavorable change to work rules (취업규칙) without employee consent is invalid. As a result, the employees were entitled to receive severance pay calculated under the original, more favorable standards.

Key takeaways
  • CaseIncident: Korea Petroleum Development Corporation unilaterally amended its severance pay regulations in a way that disadvantaged its employees.
  • OutcomeResult: The Supreme Court ruled that changes to work rules unfavorable to employees without their consent are invalid, and ordered severance pay to be calculated under the original standards.
  • LessonLesson: Even public enterprises must obtain employee consent before making unfavorable changes to workplace regulations.
Issues
  • Whether the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) applies when a government-invested institution changes its severance pay regulations
  • The applicable standard for delay damages under the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Expedition of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법)
Key reasoning

The Court held that the Act on the Management of Government-Invested Institutions does not serve as a special law that supersedes the Labor Standards Act. Under the proviso of Article 95(1) of the Labor Standards Act, any amendment to work rules that disadvantages employees requires their consent to be valid. Since the severance pay regulations were revised unfavorably without obtaining employee consent, the amendment was deemed invalid. Consequently, the employees' severance pay had to be calculated according to the previous, unamended regulations.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Neither the repealed Government-Invested Enterprises Management Act (정부투자기관관리법) nor the repealed Government-Invested Enterprises Budget and Accounting Act (정부투자기관예산회계법), nor the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Enterprises (정부투자기관관리기본법, hereinafter referred to as the "Framework Act"), can be regarded as a special law to the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법). Even though Article 21 of the Framework Act provides that the Minister of the Economic Planning Board shall, by October 31 of each year, prepare guidelines on matters commonly applicable to the budget formulation of each invested enterprise for the following fiscal year and notify the president of each invested enterprise thereof, and Article 17(1) of the Framework Act provides that the remuneration of the officers and employees of an invested enterprise shall be determined by the board of directors in accordance with the guidelines under Article 21 of the Framework Act, this cannot be interpreted as a provision intended to exclude the application of the Labor Standards Act with respect to the remuneration of the officers and employees of invested enterprises and to give priority to the above provisions instead. Furthermore, Article 17(1) of the Framework Act cannot be interpreted as meaning that a resolution depriving officers and employees of an invested enterprise of their vested rights or interests regarding retirement allowances can thereby be rendered valid. Therefore, even if the retirement benefit regulations of a government-invested enterprise were amended in accordance with the procedures prescribed in the above repealed statutes or in Articles 17(1) and 21 of the Framework Act, if such amendment constitutes a change of the rules of employment disadvantageous to the workers of the government-invested enterprise, it cannot be deemed valid unless the consent required under the proviso to Article 95(1) of the Labor Standards Act has been obtained.

[2] The phrase "where it is deemed reasonable for the obligor to dispute the existence or scope of the obligation to perform," as prescribed in Article 3(2) of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Promotion, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법), is to be interpreted as referring to a case where the obligor's assertion disputing the existence or scope of the obligation to perform is recognized as having reasonable grounds. Accordingly, whether it is reasonable for the obligor to dispute the obligation in this manner is to be determined in accordance with the court's fact-finding and evaluation thereof in the case concerned.

Full text (English, AI translation) 6,401 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellees] Plaintiffs' Attorney Seongsim General Law Firm, Attorneys Kang Su-rim and 2 others
[Defendant, Appellant] Korea Petroleum Development Corporation, Attorney Kim In-seop and 10 others, of Bae, Kim & Lee (Taepyeongyang Joint Law Office)
[Judgment Below] Seoul High Court Judgment 91Na19342, dated July 16, 1991

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.
The costs of the appeal shall be borne by the Defendant.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal. The supplementary brief on the grounds of appeal is examined only to the extent that it supplements the grounds of appeal stated in the appellate brief.

As to Ground No. 1

1. Neither the now-abolished Government-Invested Enterprises Management Act (정부투자기관관리법) nor the Government-Invested Enterprises Budget and Accounting Act (정부투자기관예산회계법), nor the Framework Act on the Management of Government-Invested Enterprises (정부투자기관관리기본법; hereinafter "the Framework Act") can be regarded as a special law to the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법). Article 21 of the Framework Act provides that the Minister of the Economic Planning Board shall, by October 31 of each year, prepare guidelines on matters commonly applicable to the budget formulation of each investment institution for the following fiscal year and notify the president of each investment institution thereof, and Article 17(1) of the Framework Act provides that the compensation of officers and employees of an investment institution shall be determined by its board of directors in accordance with the guidelines under Article 21 of the Framework Act. However, these provisions cannot be interpreted as excluding the application of the Labor Standards Act to the compensation of officers and employees of investment institutions and giving priority application to the Framework Act instead, nor can Article 17(1) of the Framework Act be interpreted as meaning that it can validate a resolution that deprives officers and employees of an investment institution of their vested rights or interests concerning retirement allowances.

Therefore, even if the retirement benefit regulations of a government-invested institution were amended in accordance with the procedures set forth in the above-mentioned laws or in Articles 17(1) and 21 of the Framework Act, if such amendment constitutes an unfavorable change to the employment rules (취업규칙) for the employees of the government-invested institution, it cannot be deemed valid unless the consent required under the proviso to Article 95(1) of the Labor Standards Act is obtained. (See this Court's Decisions 90Daka16907, delivered on November 23, 1990; 90Da15457, delivered on March 12, 1991; and 91Da43954, delivered on April 14, 1992, respectively.)

2. Accordingly, the above-mentioned laws cannot be deemed special laws to the Labor Standards Act, and Article 17(1) of the Framework Act, in light of its legislative purpose, merely establishes guidelines and procedures between the Government and its invested institutions concerning the determination of compensation for officers and employees of government-invested institutions, for the purpose of rationalizing the management of such institutions and efficiently managing the Government's investments; it cannot be deemed a special law or special provision excluding the application of the Labor Standards Act to the compensation of the officers and employees of the Defendant Corporation. On this basis, the court below's determination that the amended retirement benefit regulations of the Defendant Corporation are invalid, and its finding that there was no implied consent or ratification, are justifiable and may be upheld, and there is no error in the court below's misapprehension of the law.

The argument to the contrary is without merit.

As to Ground No. 2

1. According to the judgment below and the first-instance judgment cited therein, it is clear that the court below ordered the Defendant to pay delay damages at the rate of 5% per annum as prescribed by the Civil Act (민법) from the date on which the Defendant's obligation to pay retirement allowances to the Plaintiffs is recognized to have arisen until the date of service of the copy of the complaint, and thereafter at the rate of 25% per annum as prescribed by Article 3(1) of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Expedition of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진등에관한특례법; hereinafter "the Special Cases Act") from the day following such date until the date of full payment. It is also clear that, contrary to the argument raised, the court below did not order payment of delay damages at the rate of 25% per annum for Plaintiffs 8, 9, and 10 from a point in time prior to the service of the copy of the complaint in this case.

2. The phrase "when it is deemed reasonable for the obligor to dispute the existence or scope of the obligation to perform" as provided in Article 3(2) of the Special Cases Act is to be interpreted as referring to cases where the obligor's assertion disputing the existence or scope of the obligation to perform is recognized as having reasonable grounds. Whether such disputing by the obligor is reasonable is to be determined based on the court's fact-finding and evaluation in the relevant case (see this Court's En Banc Decision 86Daka1876, delivered on May 26, 1987; and Decision 90Da9285, delivered on January 25, 1991, respectively). According to the reasoning of the first-instance judgment cited by the court below, all of the Defendant's assertions in this case were rejected as without merit, and according to the record, it does not appear that the Defendant's disputing of the existence or scope of its obligation to perform was reasonable. Therefore, it cannot be said that the court below erred in ordering the Defendant to pay delay damages at the rate of 25% per annum as prescribed by Article 3(1) of the Special Cases Act from the day following the date of service of the copy of the complaint in this case until the date of full payment, nor that there was any error in its interpretation of Article 3(1) of the Special Cases Act. This argument is also without merit.

Therefore, the appeal is dismissed, and the costs of the appeal are to be borne by the losing party. This Judgment is rendered as stated in the Order, in accordance with the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Kim Seok-su (Presiding Justice), Lee Hoi-chang, Bae Man-woon

【판결요지】

가. 폐지된 정부투자기관관리법과 정부투자기관예산회계법은 물론 정부투자기관관리기본법(이하, 기본법이라 한다)이 근로기준법의 특별법이라고 볼 수 없고, 기본법 제21조가 경제기획원 장관은 매년 10.31.까지 다음 회계년도의 각 투자기관의 예산편성에 공통적으로 적용되는 사항에 관한 지침을 작성하여 이를 각 투자기관의 사장에게 통보하도록 규정하고, 기본법 제17조 제1항이 투자기관의 임원 및 직원의 보수를 기본법 제21조의 규정에 의한 지침에 따라 이사회가 정하도록 규정하였다고 하여, 투자기관의 임직원 보수에 대하여 근로기준법의 적용을 배제하고 이것을 우선 적용하게 하려는 규정이라고 할 수도 없으며, 기본법 제17조 제1항의 규정이 투자기관의 임직원들이 가지고 있는 퇴직금에 관한 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 내용의 결의를 유효하게 할 수 있다는 취지라고 해석할 수 없으므로 폐지된 위 각 법률이나 기본법 제17조 제1항, 제21조에 정한 절차에 따라 정부투자기관의 퇴직급여규정을 개정하였다고 하여도 이것이 정부투자기관의 근로자들에게 불이익하게 취업규칙을 변경한 것이라면 근로기준법 제95조 제1항 단서 소정의 동의를 얻지 않는 한 유효하다고 할 수 없다.

나. 소송촉진등에관한특례법 제3조 제2항에 규정된 “채무자가 그 이행의무의 존부나 범위에 관하여 항쟁함이 상당하다고 인정되는 때” 라 함은 이행의무의 존부나 범위에 관하여 항쟁하는 채무자의 주장이 상당한 근거가 있는 것으로 인정되는 때를 가리키는 것이라고 해석되므로, 채무자가 위와 같이 항쟁함이 상당한 것인지의 여부는 당해 사건에 관한 법원의 사실인정과 그 평가에 따를 것이다.

【참조조문】

가. 근로기준법 제28조, 제95조 제1항, 구 정부투자기관관리법(1983.12.31. 법률 제3690호 정부투자기관관리기본법에 의하여 폐지) 제1조, 구 정부투자기관예산회계법(1983.12.31. 법률 제3690호 정부투자기관관리기본법에 의하여 폐지) 제1조, 정부투자기관관리기본법 제17조 제1항, 제21조 / 나. 소송촉진등에관한특례법 제3조 제2항

【참조판례】

가. 대법원 1990.11.23. 선고 90다카16907 판결(공1991,168), 1991.2.26. 선고 90다15662 판결(공1991,1077), 1991.3.12. 선고 90다15457 판결(공1991,1171) / 나. 대법원 1987.5.26. 선고 86다카1876전원합의체 판결(공1987,1058),1991.1.25. 선고 90다9285 판결(공1991,845)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 2,235자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 피상고인】 원고들 소송대리인 성심종합법무법인 담당변호사 강수림 외 2인

【피고, 상고인】 한국석유개발공사 소송대리인 법무법인 태평양합동법률사무소 담당변호사 김인섭 외 10인

【원심판결】 서울고등법원 1991.7.16. 선고 91나19342 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

상고비용은 피고의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다. 상고이유보충서는 상고이유서에 기재된 상고이유를 보충하는 범위 안에서 본다.

제1점에 대하여

1. 폐지된 정부투자기관관리법과 정부투자기관예산회계법은 물론이고, 정부투자기관관리기본법(이하 기본법이라고 한다)이 근로기준법의 특별법이라고 볼 수 없고, 기본법 제21조가 경제기획원 장관은 매년 10.31.까지 다음 회계년도의 각 투자기관의 예산편성에 공통적으로 적용되는 사항에 관한 지침을 작성하여 이를 각 투자기관의 사장에게 통보하도록 규정하고, 기본법 제17조 제1항이 투자기관의 임원 및 직원의 보수를 기본법 제21조의 규정에 의한 지침에 따라 이사회가 정하도록 규정하였다고 하여, 투자기관의 임직원 보수에 대하여 근로기준법의 적용을 배제하고 이것을 우선 적용하게 하려는 규정이라고 할 수도 없으며, 기본법 제17조 제1항의 규정이 투자기관의 임직원들이 가지고 있는 퇴직금에 관한 기득의 권리나 이익을 박탈하는 내용의 결의를 유효하게 할 수 있다는 취지라고 해석할 수 없다.

그러므로 위의 법률이나 기본법 제17조 제1항, 제21조에 정한 절차에 따라 정부투자기관의 퇴직급여규정을 개정하였다고 하여도 이것이 정부투자기관의 근로자들에게 불이익하게 취업규칙을 변경한 것이라면 근로기준법 제95조 제1항 단서 소정의 동의를 얻지 않는 한 유효하다고 할 수 없다. (당원 1990.11.23. 선고 90다카 16907 판결; 1991.3.12. 선고 90다 15457 판결,1992.4.14. 선고 91다 43954 판결 각 참조)

2. 따라서, 위의 법률들은 근로기준법의 특별법이라고 할 수 없고, 기본법 제17조 제1항도 그 입법목적에 비추어 정부투자기관의 경영합리화와 정부출자의 효율적인 관리를 위하여 정부와 그 투자기관 사이에서 정부투자기관 임직원의 보수결정에 관한 지침 내지 절차를 규정한 것에 불과하여 피고 공사 임직원의 보수에 관하여 근로기준법의 적용을 배제하는 특별법 또는 특칙규정이라고 할 수 없다는 이유로 개정된 피고 공사의 퇴직급여규정이 무효라고 판단하고, 또 묵시적 동의나 추인이 있었다고 인정하지 아니한 원심의 조처는 정당한 것으로 수긍할 수 있고, 거기에 법리를 오해한 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다.

반대의 입장에서 다투는 논지는 이유가 없다.

제2점에 대하여

1. 원심판결과 원심이 인용한 제1심판결에 의하면 원심은, 피고에게 원고들에 대한 퇴직금 지급의무가 인정되는 날부터 소장부본 송달일까지는 민법 소정의 연 5푼의, 그 다음날부터 완제일까지는 소송촉진등에관한특례법(이하 특례법이라고 한다) 제3조 제1항 소정의 이율에 따른 연 2할 5푼의 지연손해금의 지급을 명한 것이 분명하고, 소론이 지적하는 바와 같이 원고 8, 원고 9, 원고 10에 대하여 이 사건 소장부본이 송달되기 전부터 연 2할 5푼의 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 명한 것이 아님은 명백하다.

2. 특례법 제3조 제2항에 규정된 “채무자가 그 이행의무의 존부나 범위에 관하여 항쟁함이 상당하다고 인정되는 때”라 함은 이행의무의 존부나 범위에 관하여 항쟁하는 채무자의 주장이 상당한 근거가 있는 것으로 인정되는 때를 가리키는 것이라고 해석되므로, 채무자가 위와 같이 항쟁함이 상당한 것인지의 여부는 당해 사건에 관한 법원의 사실인정과 그 평가에 따를 것인바(당원1987.5.26. 선고 86다카 1876 전원합의체판결; 1991.1.25. 선고 90다9285 판결 각 참조), 원심이 인용한 제1심판결의 이유에 의하면 이 사건에서 피고의 주장은 모두 이유 없는 것으로 배척된 것이고, 기록에 의하면 피고가 그 이행의무의 존부나 범위에 관하여 항쟁한 것이 상당하다고 보여지지 아니하므로, 원심이 피고에게 이 사건 소장송달일 다음날부터 완제일까지 특례법 제3조 제1항 소정의 연 2할 5푼의 비율에 의한 지연손해금의 지급을 명한 것이 위법하다거나 거기에 특례법 제3조 제1항의 해석을 잘못한 위법이 있다고 할 수 없다. 논지도 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 김석수(재판장) 이회창 배만운

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