Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 94다35350

Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.해고무효확인등

Decided1995. 06. 30. Court대법원Employer won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

In a case where an employee was absent without leave (무단결근) for 7 or more days in a month and the company issued a dismissal (면직처분), the Supreme Court held that the grounds for dismissal under the company's employment rules (취업규칙) and the grounds for disciplinary action (징계사유) under the disciplinary regulations (징계규정) are separate and distinct matters. Therefore, the company was not required to follow disciplinary procedures (징계절차) before issuing the dismissal.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAn employee was absent without leave for 7 or more days in a month, and the company dismissed the employee without following disciplinary procedures.
  • OutcomeThe court ruled that because dismissal grounds under employment rules and disciplinary grounds under disciplinary regulations are separate, the dismissal without disciplinary procedures was valid.
  • LessonIf an employment rule clearly specifies a concrete ground for dismissal, the employer may dismiss the employee immediately without going through disciplinary procedures.
Issues
  • The relationship between grounds for dismissal under employment rules and grounds for disciplinary action under disciplinary regulations
  • Whether disciplinary procedures must be followed when issuing a dismissal (면직처분)
Key reasoning

The employment rules specifically listed 'unauthorized absence of 7 or more days per month' as an independent ground for dismissal, which is distinct from the general ground of 'unauthorized absence' found in the disciplinary regulations. The court reasoned that these two grounds reflect different degrees of harm to workplace order and discipline, meaning they serve different purposes within the company's rules. Because the dismissal was based on the specific ground under the employment rules rather than the general disciplinary ground, the company was not obligated to follow the disciplinary procedures typically required for disciplinary actions. Consequently, the dismissal was not bound by the standards or procedures set out in the disciplinary regulations, and the dismissal was deemed valid without such procedures.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Where the Rules of Employment (취업규칙) provide for dismissal (면직) separately from disciplinary discharge (해고) and list "unauthorized absence from work for seven days or more in a month" as one of the grounds for dismissal, while the Disciplinary Regulations (징계규정), which set forth the grounds for discipline, disciplinary standards, and disciplinary procedures concerning disciplinary discharge, etc., provide for ordinary "unauthorized absence from work" (divided into absences of one to six days and absences of seven days or more) as one of the grounds for discipline, the two grounds concerning unauthorized absence from work differ in the degree to which they undermine order in the performance of duties and are clearly separate grounds. Therefore, the employer may take a dismissal action pursuant to the Rules of Employment based on the former ground, irrespective of the Disciplinary Regulations.

[2] Where, as in item [1], dismissal and disciplinary action are separately provided for, and yet no procedural provisions are established for dismissal unlike for ordinary disciplinary action, and the grounds for dismissal are not identically provided for as grounds for discipline, it cannot be said that the employer must follow the ordinary disciplinary procedure in taking a dismissal action, nor is the employer bound by the disciplinary standards set forth in the Disciplinary Regulations in taking a dismissal action.

Full text (English, AI translation) 3,070 chars

[Plaintiffs, Appellants]

[Defendant, Appellee] Dongnam Gyotong Jadongcha Co., Ltd., Litigation Representative Attorney Cho Sang-heum

[Judgment Below] Busan High Court Decision 93Na6317 rendered June 3, 1994

[Order]

All appeals are dismissed.

The costs of appeal shall be borne by the Plaintiffs.

[Reasoning]

We examine the grounds of appeal.

Upon examination of the relevant evidence and the record, the lower court's finding and determination that each of the Plaintiffs was absent without leave for well over 7 days per month while employed at the Defendant company is acceptable, and it cannot be said that there was any failure to fully examine the case or any violation of the rules of evidence therein.

Examining the relevant provisions of the Defendant company's Employment Rules (취업규칙) and the Rules on Rewards and Disciplinary Actions (포상및징계규정, hereinafter referred to as the "Disciplinary Rules"),

the Employment Rules provide for dismissal from position (면직) separately from disciplinary discharge (해고), listing "unauthorized absence of 7 days or more per month" as one of the grounds for dismissal from position. Meanwhile, the Disciplinary Rules, which set forth grounds for disciplinary action, disciplinary standards, and disciplinary procedures relating to disciplinary discharge and the like, provide for ordinary "unauthorized absence" (divided into 1 to 6 days and 7 days or more) as one of the grounds for disciplinary action. Since these two grounds relating to unauthorized absence differ in the degree to which they undermine order in service and are clearly separate grounds, it must be held that the employer may take a dismissal-from-position action based on the former ground pursuant to the Employment Rules, independent of the Disciplinary Rules. The lower court's determination to this effect is correct, and the argument is merely an independent view and cannot be accepted.

Furthermore, as in the present case,

where dismissal from position and disciplinary action are separately provided for, and no procedural provisions are established for dismissal from position unlike ordinary disciplinary action, and the grounds for dismissal from position are not identically provided as grounds for disciplinary action, it cannot be said that the employer must go through the ordinary disciplinary procedure in taking a dismissal-from-position action (see Supreme Court Decision 94Da42082 rendered March 24, 1995),

and since there is no reason for the dismissal-from-position action to be bound by the disciplinary standards set forth in the Disciplinary Rules, the disposition in this case cannot be deemed unlawful merely because it did not follow the Disciplinary Rules.

The arguments are all without merit.

Therefore, all appeals are dismissed, and the costs of appeal are to be borne by the losing parties. This judgment is rendered as stated in the Order by the unanimous opinion of the participating Justices.

Justice Ahn Yong-deuk (Presiding Justice), Cheon Gyeong-song, Ji Chang-gwon, Shin Seong-taek (Justice in Charge)

【판결요지】

가. 취업규칙에서는 해고와는 별도로 면직을 규정하면서 '월 7일 이상 무단결근'을 면직사유의 하나로 들고 있고, 한편 징계해고 등에 관한 징계사유, 징계기준, 징계절차 등을 정한 징계규정에서는 징계사유의 하나로 일반의 '무단결근'(1 내지 6일 및 7일 이상으로 구분되어 있다)을 규정하고 있는 경우, 위 무단결근에 관한 두 개의 사유는 복무질서를 해하는 정도를 달리하는 것으로서 별개의 사유임이 분명하므로, 사용자는 전자의 사유에 의하여 징계규정과는 관계없이 취업규칙에 따라 면직처분을 할 수 있다.

나. '가'항과 같이 면직처분과 징계처분이 따로 규정되어 있으면서도 면직처분에 관하여는 일반의 징계처분과 달리 아무런 절차규정도 두고 있지 아니하고 그 면직사유가 동일하게 징계사유로 규정되어 있는 것도 아니라면, 사용자가 면직처분을 함에 있어 일반의 징계절차를 거쳐야 한다고 할 수 없고, 면직처분을 함에 있어 징계규정이 정한 징계기준에 구속받을 리도 없다.

【참조조문】

근로기준법 제27조 제1항

【참조판례】

대법원 1993.5.25. 선고 92누12452 판결(공1993하,1893), 1993.10.26. 선고 92다54210 판결(공1993하,3160), 1995.3.24. 선고 94다42082 판결(공1995상,1722)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,102자 · 펼쳐 보기

【원고, 상고인】

【피고, 피상고인】 동남교통자동차 주식회사 소송대리인 변호사 조상흠

【원심판결】 부산고등법원 1994.6.3. 선고 93나6317 판결

【주 문】

상고를 모두 기각한다.

상고비용은 원고들의 부담으로 한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 본다.

관계증거와 기록에 의하면 원고들이 피고 회사에 취업중 각자 월 7일을 훨씬 넘도록 무단결근을 하였다고 한 원심의 인정판단은 수긍이 가고, 거기에 심리를 미진하였거나 채증법칙을 위배한 잘못이 있다고 할 수 없다.

피고 회사의 취업규칙과 포상및징계규정(이하 징계규정이라 한다)의 관계조항을 살펴보면, 취업규칙에서는 해고와는 별도로 면직을 규정하면서 “월 7일 이상 무단결근 “을 면직사유의 하나로 들고 있고, 한편 징계해고 등에 관한 징계사유, 징계기준, 징계절차 등을 정한 징계규정에서는 징계사유의 하나로 일반의 “무단결근“(1 내지 6일 및 7일 이상으로 구분되어 있다)을 규정하고 있는바, 위 무단결근에 관한 두 개의 사유는 복무질서를 해하는 정도를 달리하는 것으로서 별개의 사유임이 분명하므로, 사용자는 전자의 사유에 의하여 징계규정과는 관계없이 취업규칙에 따라 면직처분을 할 수 있다 할 것이다. 이와 같은 취지의 원심판단은 옳고, 논지는 독자적인 견해에 불과하여 받아들일 수 없다.

그리고 이 사건에 있어서와 같이, 면직처분과 징계처분이 따로 규정되어 있으면서도 면직처분에 관하여는 일반의 징계처분과 달리 아무런 절차규정도 두고 있지 아니하고, 그 면직사유가 동일하게 징계사유로 규정되어 있는 것도 아니라면, 사용자가 면직처분을 함에 있어 일반의 징계절차를 거쳐야 한다고 할 수 없고(대법원 1995.3.24.선고 94다42082판결 참조), 면직처분에 있어 징계규정이 정한 징계기준에 구속받을리도 없으니, 이 사건 처분이 징계규정을 따르지 아니하였다고 하여 위법하다 할 수 없다.

논지는 모두 이유 없다.

그러므로 상고를 모두 기각하고, 상고비용은 패소자들의 부담으로 하여 관여 법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 안용득(재판장) 천경송 지창권 신성택(주심)

Related statutes

Similar cases

Cases with high content similarity to this one.

#1
92다7542 · 대법원 1992-06-23
Action to Confirm Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#2
93다968 · 대법원 1994-01-14
Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal
#3
85다375 · 대법원 1986-07-08
Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#4
94다25889 · 대법원 1994-10-25
Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.
#5
92다11220 · 대법원 1992-11-13
Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.

Cases citing this decision

99두4235 · 대법원 2000-06-23
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
98다31172 · 대법원 1998-12-08
해임무효확인
96다43904 · 대법원 1997-02-14
Damages (Other)
95누17571 · 대법원 1996-11-26
Revocation of Retrial Decision on Unfair Dismissal Remedy
95다1767 · 대법원 1995-07-14
Confirmation of Invalidity of Dismissal, etc.

Related tools & guides

AI answers need an account (free accounts: 2 per month) — submit and you'll return to this question after logging in. Search and case reading stay free.

Cross-check the original: 국가법령정보센터 (auxiliary link)