Workbear재주넘는곰
대법원 2016도9470

Violation of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법위반)근로기준법위반

Decided2016. 11. 25. Court대법원Employer (defendant) won
AI-generated English translation (summary, key points, decision summary and full text) for reference only — not an official translation and without legal effect. The Korean original below is authoritative.
AI Easy read — AI summary of this decision
AI-generated summary for reference only — the Korean original below is authoritative.

The defendant was prosecuted for violating the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법) and received a judgment in absentia at the first trial. After the defendant's right to appeal was reinstated, the victim (the worker) expressed an intention not to punish the defendant during the appellate trial. The Supreme Court held that this expression of intent had no legal effect because it was made after the first-instance judgment had already been rendered.

Key takeaways
  • CaseAn employer was prosecuted for violating the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), received a judgment in absentia at the first trial, and the worker later expressed an intent not to punish the employer during the appellate proceedings.
  • OutcomeThe Supreme Court ruled that withdrawal of the intent to punish is only valid before the first-instance judgment is pronounced, so the worker's statement made during the appeal had no legal effect.
  • LessonIn Labor Standards Act violation cases, any settlement or withdrawal of the complaint must be finalized before the first-instance judgment is issued—doing so at the appellate stage is too late.
Issues
  • Whether a victim can effectively withdraw the intent to seek punishment for a semi-official offense (반의사불벌죄) during an appellate trial conducted after reinstatement of the right to appeal
  • The meaning and scope of 'before the first-instance judgment is pronounced' under Article 232 of the Criminal Procedure Act (형사소송법)
Key reasoning

Under Article 232 of the Criminal Procedure Act (형사소송법), in crimes that are prosecutable only upon the victim's complaint or that become non-prosecutable if the victim withdraws the intent to punish (반의사불벌죄), such withdrawal must be made before the first-instance judgment is pronounced. An appellate trial (항소심) is legally distinct from the first-instance trial (제1심), even when it proceeds through reinstatement of the right to appeal. Therefore, once the first-instance judgment has been rendered, a victim's later expression of intent not to punish the defendant during the appellate stage cannot retroactively withdraw the earlier intent to seek punishment. Consequently, the appellate court's proceedings must continue as if no such withdrawal occurred.

Summary of Decision (English, AI translation)

[1] Article 232, Paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Criminal Procedure Act (형사소송법) provide that, in crimes subject to prosecution only upon complaint that may be withdrawn (반의사불벌죄), an expression of intent to seek punishment may be withdrawn before the rendering of the first instance judgment. The issue of up to what point the withdrawal of an expression of intent to seek punishment in crimes subject to prosecution only upon complaint that may be withdrawn should be limited is a matter of legislative policy concerning the operation of criminal procedure, and the above provision uniformly limits the deadline for withdrawal to the time of the rendering of the first instance judgment, with the purpose of preventing the exercise of the State's power to punish from being left for a prolonged period at the mercy of the victim's intention.

[2] Where the first instance court has rendered a guilty judgment against a defendant prosecuted for a crime subject to prosecution only upon complaint that may be withdrawn, without the defendant's statement, pursuant to Article 23 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning the Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진 등에 관한 특례법; hereinafter “Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings”), and the judgment has become final, if the defendant, on the ground that he or she was unable to appear at the trial proceedings due to a cause for which he or she cannot be held responsible, requests a retrial from the first instance court pursuant to Article 23-2 of the Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings, and a decision to commence retrial is rendered, the victim may withdraw the expression of intent to seek punishment before the rendering of the first instance judgment in the retrial. However, if the defendant, instead of requesting a retrial pursuant to Article 23-2 of the Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings before the first instance court, files a request for restoration of the right to appeal and thereby receives an appellate trial, then, since the appellate trial cannot be deemed the first instance, the expression of intent to seek punishment cannot be withdrawn in the appellate proceedings.

Full text (English, AI translation) 4,382 chars

[Defendant]

[Appellant] Defendant

[Defense Counsel] Attorney Lee Sang-seon of Jungwon Law Firm and 3 others

[Judgment Below] Ulsan District Court Decision 2016No132 decided June 2, 2016

[Order]

The appeal is dismissed.

[Reasoning]

The grounds of appeal are examined.

1. Article 232, Paragraphs 1 and 3 of the Criminal Procedure Act (형사소송법) provide that, in offenses subject to conditional prosecution upon the victim's will (반의사불벌죄), the expression of intent to seek punishment may be withdrawn before the pronouncement of the first instance judgment. The question of up to what point the withdrawal of the expression of intent to seek punishment should be permitted in such offenses is a matter of legislative policy concerning the operation of criminal procedure. The above provision may be understood as uniformly limiting the deadline for such withdrawal to the time of pronouncement of the first instance judgment, in order to prevent the exercise of the State's penal power from being left indefinitely subject to the victim's intent (see Supreme Court en banc Decision 96Do1922 decided April 15, 1999).

Where the first instance court, pursuant to Article 23 of the Act on Special Cases Concerning Expedition, etc. of Legal Proceedings (소송촉진 등에 관한 특례법, hereinafter the "Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings"), rendered a guilty verdict against a defendant prosecuted for an offense subject to conditional prosecution upon the victim's will without the defendant's statement, and the judgment became final, if the defendant subsequently filed a request for retrial with the first instance court pursuant to Article 23-2 of the Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings on the ground that the defendant was unable to appear at the trial proceedings for reasons not attributable to the defendant, and a decision to commence retrial was rendered, the victim may withdraw the expression of intent to seek punishment before the pronouncement of the first instance judgment in that retrial (see Supreme Court Decision 2002Do1228 decided October 11, 2002). However, where the defendant, instead of filing a request for retrial pursuant to Article 23-2 of the Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings with the first instance court, filed a request for restoration of the right to appeal and thereby came to receive an appellate trial, since the appellate proceedings cannot be regarded as the first instance, it must be held that the expression of intent to seek punishment cannot be withdrawn in the appellate proceedings.

2. According to the record, the following facts can be ascertained: the Defendant was prosecuted for a violation of the Labor Standards Act (근로기준법), an offense subject to conditional prosecution upon the victim's will; the first instance court, pursuant to Article 23 of the Act on Expedition of Legal Proceedings, served the copy of the indictment and the summons to the Defendant, among other documents, by public notice, and proceeded with the trial in the Defendant's absence, rendering a guilty verdict; thereafter, the Defendant filed a request for restoration of the right to appeal against the finalized first instance judgment, and this request was granted; in the appellate proceedings that followed, the victims submitted written statements expressing that they no longer wished to have the Defendant punished.

Examining these facts in light of the legal principles set forth above, it is clear that the victims' withdrawal of their expression of intent to seek punishment was made after the pronouncement of the first instance judgment, and therefore its effect as a withdrawal of the intent to seek punishment in an offense subject to conditional prosecution upon the victim's will cannot be recognized.

In the same vein, the court below did not err in failing to dismiss the prosecution in this case, and there is no error, as alleged in the grounds of appeal, in misapprehending the legal principles concerning the time limit for withdrawal of the expression of intent to seek punishment in offenses subject to conditional prosecution upon the victim's will.

3. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed, and this judgment is rendered as set forth in the Order, with the unanimous consent of the Justices participating in the decision.

Justice Park Byong-dae (Presiding Justice), Park Bo-young, Kwon Soon-il (Justice in Charge), Kim Jae-hyung

【판결요지】

형사소송법 제232조 제1항 및 제3항은 반의사불벌죄에서 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시는 제1심 판결 선고 전까지 철회할 수 있다고 규정하고 있다. 반의사불벌죄에서 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시의 철회를 어느 시점까지로 제한할 것인지는 형사소송절차 운영에 관한 입법정책의 문제로, 위 규정은 국가형벌권의 행사가 피해자의 의사에 의하여 좌우되는 현상을 장기간 방치하지 않으려는 목적에서 철회 시한을 획일적으로 제1심 판결 선고 시까지로 제한한 것이다.

제1심 법원이 반의사불벌죄로 기소된 피고인에 대하여 소송촉진 등에 관한 특례법(이하 ‘소송촉진법’이라고 한다) 제23조에 따라 피고인의 진술 없이 유죄를 선고하여 판결이 확정된 경우, 만일 피고인이 책임을 질 수 없는 사유로 공판절차에 출석할 수 없었음을 이유로 소송촉진법 제23조의2에 따라 제1심 법원에 재심을 청구하여 재심개시결정이 내려졌다면 피해자는 재심의 제1심 판결 선고 전까지 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시를 철회할 수 있다. 그러나 피고인이 제1심 법원에 소송촉진법 제23조의2에 따른 재심을 청구하는 대신 항소권회복청구를 함으로써 항소심 재판을 받게 되었다면 항소심을 제1심이라고 할 수 없는 이상 항소심 절차에서는 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시를 철회할 수 없다.

【참조조문】

형사소송법 제232조 제1항, 제3항, 제345조, 소송촉진 등에 관한 특례법 제23조, 제23조의2

【참조판례】

대법원 1999. 4. 15. 선고 96도1922 전원합의체 판결(공1999상, 970), 대법원 2002. 10. 11. 선고 2002도1228 판결(공2002하, 2776)

【주문】·【이유】 전문 1,436자 · 펼쳐 보기

【피 고 인】

【상 고 인】 피고인

【변 호 인】 법무법인 중원 담당변호사 이상선 외 3인

【원심판결】 울산지법 2016. 6. 2. 선고 2016노132 판결

【주 문】

상고를 기각한다.

【이 유】 상고이유를 판단한다.

1. 형사소송법 제232조 제1항 및 제3항은 반의사불벌죄에 있어 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시는 제1심 판결 선고 전까지 철회할 수 있다고 규정하고 있다. 반의사불벌죄에 있어 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시의 철회를 어느 시점까지로 제한할 것인지는 형사소송절차 운영에 관한 입법정책의 문제로, 위 규정은 국가형벌권의 행사가 피해자의 의사에 의하여 좌우되는 현상을 장기간 방치하지 않으려는 목적에서 그 철회 시한을 획일적으로 제1심 판결 선고 시까지로 제한한 것으로 볼 수 있다(대법원 1999. 4. 15. 선고 96도1922 전원합의체 판결 참조).

제1심 법원이 반의사불벌죄로 기소된 피고인에 대하여 소송촉진 등에 관한 특례법(이하 ‘소송촉진법’이라고 한다) 제23조에 따라 피고인의 진술 없이 유죄를 선고하여 판결이 확정된 경우, 만일 피고인이 책임을 질 수 없는 사유로 공판절차에 출석할 수 없었음을 이유로 소송촉진법 제23조의2에 따라 제1심 법원에 재심을 청구하여 재심개시결정이 내려졌다면 피해자는 그 재심의 제1심 판결 선고 전까지 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시를 철회할 수 있다(대법원 2002. 10. 11. 선고 2002도1228 판결 참조). 그러나 피고인이 제1심 법원에 소송촉진법 제23조의2에 따른 재심을 청구하는 대신 항소권회복청구를 함으로써 항소심 재판을 받게 되었다면 항소심을 제1심이라고 할 수 없는 이상 그 항소심 절차에서는 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시를 철회할 수 없다고 보아야 한다.

2. 기록에 의하면, 피고인은 반의사불벌죄인 근로기준법 위반죄로 기소되었고, 제1심 법원은 소송촉진법 제23조에 따라 공시송달의 방법으로 공소장 부본과 피고인 소환장 등을 송달한 다음 피고인이 불출석 상태에서 심리를 진행하여 유죄를 선고한 사실, 이후 피고인은 확정된 제1심 판결에 대하여 항소권회복청구를 하였고 위 청구가 인용됨에 따라 진행된 항소심 절차에서 피해자들이 더 이상 피고인에 대한 처벌을 원하지 않는다는 취지의 처벌불원서를 제출한 사실 등을 알 수 있다.

이러한 사실관계를 앞서 본 법리에 비추어 살펴보면, 피해자들이 한 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시의 철회는 제1심 판결 선고 후에 이루어진 것임이 분명하므로, 반의사불벌죄에 있어 처벌희망의사의 철회로서의 효력을 인정할 수 없다.

같은 취지에서 원심이 이 사건 공소를 기각하지 아니한 것은 정당하고, 거기에 상고이유의 주장과 같이 반의사불벌죄에 있어 처벌을 희망하는 의사표시의 철회 시기 등에 관한 법리를 오해한 잘못이 없다.

3. 그러므로 상고를 기각하기로 하여 관여 대법관의 일치된 의견으로 주문과 같이 판결한다.

대법관 박병대(재판장) 박보영 권순일(주심) 김재형

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